木荷无性系种子园生长与种实性状的遗传变异分析  

Analysis of genetic variation in seed garden growth and seed traits of Schima superba

作　　者：彭溢濠 陈梦义 何万存 刘娟[1] 朱鸿洋 肖文宇 施茂寅 PENG Yihao;CHEN Mengyi;HE Wancun;LIU Juan;ZHU Hongyang;XIAO Wenyu;SHI Maoyin(Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropical Forest Resources Cultivation,College of Forestry,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang Jiangxi 330045,China;Jiangxi Forestry Science and Technology Promotion and Publicity Education Center,Nanchang Jiangxi 330038,China)

机构地区：[1]亚热带森林资源培育江西省重点实验室,江西农业大学林学院,江西南昌330045 [2]江西省林业科技推广和宣传教育中心,江西南昌330038

出　　处：《南方林业科学》2025年第1期7-13,共7页South China Forestry Science

基　　金：江西省林业局林业科技创新专项项目(创新专项[2023]24号);江西省林业专项资金林木种苗培育补助项目。

摘　　要：【目的】研究木荷无性系种子园内生长性状和种实性状的遗传变异,选育优良无性系。【方法】在江西省林业局科技示范园林丰基地采用完全随机设计,将60株木荷(12个无性系,每个无性系5个重复)随机分配至种植区。对12个木荷无性系的树高、胸径、冠幅等10个指标进行方差分析、邓肯多重比较、变异系数分析和相关性分析,并通过主成分分析和聚类分析,选育出优良无性系。【结果】12个无性系在结实量、千粒重、发芽率、发芽势、叶长、叶宽等指标上均存在显著差异。各生长性状和种实性状整体呈中等程度变异,平均变异系数为29.92%,其中发芽势的变异系数最大(60.83%),树高变异系数最小(14.73%)。相关性分析结果表明,无性系树高与胸径呈显著正相关关系,叶长与叶宽、发芽率与结实量、发芽率与发芽势之间呈极显著正相关关系。主成分分析和聚类分析结果表明,无性系sy39、lc21、jo57和sy50综合表现较好,下一步可重点开展子代测定,基于后代表现来准确评估各个无性系的遗传品质及其遗传增益。【结论】无性系sy39表现特别优异,可将其作为优良亲本之一,为种子园的升级换代提供育种繁殖材料。【Objective】To study the genetic variation of growth and seed traits in the clonal seed orchard of Schima superba,andto select superior clones at an early stage【.Method】A completely randomized design was employed,with 60 S.superba trees(12clones with five replicates each) randomly assigned to a planting area.Variance analysis,Duncan′s multiple range test,coefficient of variation analysis,and correlation analysis were conducted on 10 indexes such as tree height,diameter at breastheight and crown width of 12 S.superba clones at the Linfeng Base of Jiangxi Provincial Forestry Bureau Science and Technology Demonstration Garden.Superior clones were selected through principal component analysis and cluster analysis.【Result】Significant differences were observed among the 12 clones in terms of fruit yield,1000-seed weight,germination rate,germination potential,leaf length,and leaf width.The overall variation in growth and seed traits was moderate,with an averagecoefficient of variation of 29.92%.The maximum coefficient of variation was found in germination potential(60.83%),while theminimum was in tree height(14.73%).Correlation analysis showed significant positive correlations between tree height and diameter at breast height,leaf length and leaf width,germination rate and fruit yield,and germination rate and germinationpotential.Principal component analysis and cluster analysis indicated that Clone sy39,lc21,jo57,and sy50 performed wellcomprehensively.Progeny testing of these clones is recommended in the next step to accurately assess their genetic quality and genetic gain.【Conclusion】Clone sy39 was particularly outstanding and can be used as one of the superior parents to provide breeding materials for the upgrading and renewal of seed orchards.

关 键 词：木荷 生长性状 种实性状 无性系 

分 类 号：S722.3[农业科学—林木遗传育种]