沙特阿拉伯气候外交战略探析  

An Analysis of Saudi Arabia's Climate Diplomacy Strategy

作　　者：刘辰 杨贺天 Liu Chen;Yang Hetian(School of Arabic Studies,Beijing Foreign Studies University)

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学阿拉伯学院,北京100089

出　　处：《区域国别学刊》2025年第2期78-107,158,共31页COUNTRY AND AREA STUDIES

摘　　要：自2015年萨勒曼执政以来,沙特阿拉伯逐步转变过去在国际气候治理体系中的消极立场,对外实施全方位的气候外交战略,以此应对全球气候行动压力及气候安全风险挑战,在全球脱碳行动中维护自身能源利益,推动国家经济多元化改革并服务国家总体外交转型。在全球层面,沙特阿拉伯明确碳中和时间表,并更新国家自主贡献计划,发起“碳循环经济”倡议,积极参与联合国、二十国集团等多边平台的气候治理议程;在区域层面,沙特阿拉伯将中东地区作为推进区域气候外交的重点,发起“绿色中东”倡议,加强中东地区气候融资,并主动投入该区域内其他气候治理机制;在双边层面,沙特阿拉伯在加强同欧盟、美国气候能源合作的同时,与中国、印度、南非等新兴市场国家开展广泛的气候外交。沙特阿拉伯气候外交的积极转向不仅有利于改善其自身国际形象,还将从化石能源供给端推动全球气候治理,并有助于维护发展中国家在全球气候治理进程中的集体利益。但鉴于能源利益削弱其参与全球气候治理的积极性、国内气候治理成效尚难以匹配其外交承诺、全球气候治理的地缘政治转向阻碍气候合作等消极因素,沙特阿拉伯的气候外交战略也面临诸多挑战。Since 2015, under King Salman's leadership, Saudi Arabia has fundamentally transformed its approach to international climate governance, shifting from a passive stance to implementing a comprehensive climate diplomacy strategy. This transformation responds to mounting global climate action pressures and climate security challenges while balancing energy interests amid decarbonization trends, advancing economic diversification, and reshaping foreign policy priorities. The strategy operates at three distinct levels. Globally, Saudi Arabia has established concrete carbon neutrality targets, enhanced its nationally determined contributions(NDCs), introduced the “Carbon Circular Economy” initiative, and actively engaged in UN and G20 climate governance frameworks. Regionally, Saudi Arabia has prioritized Middle Eastern climate initiatives through the “Middle East Green Initiative”, enhanced regional climate financing mechanisms, and strengthened regional governance structures. Bilaterally, while maintaining climate cooperation with traditional partners like the EU and US, Saudi Arabia has expanded engagement with emerging economies, including China, India, and South Africa. This strategic reorientation has enhanced Saudi Arabia's international standing while advancing global climate governance from an energy-producer perspective and supporting developing nations' collective interests. However, the strategy faces significant challenges: potentially diminishing energy interests may reduce climate governance engagement, domestic implementation may lag behind diplomatic commitments, and shifting geopolitical dynamics in global climate governance may impede cooperative efforts.

关 键 词：沙特阿拉伯 气候外交 气候政治 发展中国家 

分 类 号：D81[政治法律—国际关系] D83[政治法律—政治学]