景德镇古瓷原料瓷石的矿物组成和结晶过程  

Mineral composition and crystallization process of porcelain stone,the raw material of ancient Jingdezhen porcelain

作　　者：杨薇 信迪[2] 王书遥 YANG Wei;XIN Di;WANG Shu-yao(Jingdezhen Vocational University of Art,Jingdezhen 333000,China;Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Science,Beijing 100037,China;Jingdezhen Ceramic University,Jingdezhen 333403,China)

机构地区：[1]景德镇艺术职业大学,江西景德镇333000 [2]中国地质科学院地质研究所,北京100037 [3]景德镇陶瓷大学,江西景德镇333403

出　　处：《岩石矿物学杂志》2025年第2期374-382,共9页Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42202250);中国地质科学院地质研究所基本科研业务费项目(J2318)。

摘　　要：瓷都景德镇制瓷产业早期使用的是单一原料——瓷石。在瓷业发展过程中,景德镇制瓷先人发明了二元配方工艺:将瓷石与高岭土按一定比例混合组成制瓷原料,极大提高了瓷器品质和制瓷效率。然而我们至今仍不清楚古代瓷石为何能成为合适的制瓷原料。为此本文对取自高岭山瓷石古采坑岩壁上的瓷石样品开展了详细的显微结构研究、电子探针矿物成分分析。分析结果表明,高岭山瓷石为一种特殊的淡色花岗岩,其矿物组合包括钠长石、钾长石、石英、少量黑云母以及铁白云母(?),发育被绿泥石部分充填的微裂隙网格结构。这一成分及结构特点使得瓷石成为容易采掘、加工的早期优良制瓷原料。结合最近发表的富水酸性岩浆高温结晶实验结果,认为景德镇瓷石为水饱和花岗岩浆在较低冷却速率、过冷却条件下,经动态结晶过程形成的具有钠长石(+黑云母)→钾长石+石英→铁白云母(?)矿物组合序列的淡色花岗岩,其中铁白云母(?)可能是一种新矿物,需要进一步研究以确定其晶体结构、晶格参数。瓷石中铁白云母(?)的发现将有助于理解古代瓷胎成分变化与制瓷配方变化之间的关系,从而更合理地推断二元配方工艺的出现时代。In the early days of the porcelain industry in Jingdezhen,the porcelain capital,a single raw material—porcelain stone was used.During the developing process of porcelain industry,the ancestors of Jingdezhen porcelain invented the binary-compositions formulation:mixing porcelain stone and kaolin in a certain proportion to form porcelain raw materials,which greatly improved the quality and efficiency of porcelain production.However,we still do not know why ancient porcelain stones could become suitable raw materials for ancient porcelain making.For this purpose,this article conducted detailed microstructural studies and electron probe mineral composition analysis on porcelain stone samples taken from the rock walls of ancient mining pits in Gaoling Mountain.The results show that the porcelain stone from Gaoling Mountain is a special type of leucogranite,consisting of albite,K-feldspar,quartz,a small amount of biotite,and Fe-muscovite(?),and develops a micro fracture grid structure partially filled by chlorite.This composition and structural characteristics make porcelain stone an early excellent raw material for porcelain production that is easy to mine and process.Combined with the recently published experimental results of high-temperature crystallization of water rich acidic magma,we suggest that the Jingdezhen porcelain stone is a kind of leucogranite formed by dynamic crystallization of a water-saturated granite melt under the lower cooling-rate and lower undercooling degree conditions,with a mineral combination sequence of albite(+biotite)→K-feldspar+quartz→Fe-muscovite(?).Fe-muscovite(?)may be a new mineral,and further research is needed to determine its crystal structure and lattice parameters.The discovery of Fe-muscovite(?)in porcelain stones will help to understand the relationship between changes in the composition of ancient porcelain bodies and changes in porcelain-making formulas,and thus more reasonably infer the onset time of the emergence of binary formula technology.

关 键 词：景德镇 瓷石 矿物组合 动态结晶 水饱和 花岗岩 

分 类 号：P588.121[天文地球—岩石学]