海湾国家外籍劳工政策演变及中国机遇  

The Development of Foreign Worker Policy in Gulf Countries and the Opportunities for China

作　　者：蔺妍 单星煜 张怡静 LIN Yan;HAN Xing-yu;ZHANG Yi-jing(School of Marine Law and Humanities,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian Liaoning 116023,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学海洋法律与人文学院,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《江南社会学院学报》2024年第4期75-80,共6页Journal of Jiangnan Social University

摘　　要：20世纪60—70年代,借助石油红利,海湾国家实现了经济的弯道超车,但匮乏的劳动力无法满足丰富的石油资源带来的发展需求。此时,海湾国家的外籍劳工经历了从“阿拉伯化”到“南亚化”的演变。之后,随着石油经济的低迷,海湾国家本土人的失业率不断升高,加之外籍劳工所引发的政治斗争、社会混乱,海湾国家本土人的排外情绪一度高涨,海湾国家对外籍劳动的“本土化”政策由此推行,从以政府干预为主的第一代“本土化”政策演化到以市场调节为主的第二代“本土化”政策,海湾国家逐渐开始以产业革新为中心的“本土化”改革。尤其是在与我国共建“一带一路”的背景下,海湾国家外籍劳工政策的改革,为中国向海湾地区输出优势产能及专业人才提供了机遇与挑战。From 1960s to 1970s,with oil dividends Gulf countries achieved economic overtaking in corners,but the lack of labor force can t meet the development brought by abundant oil resources.At this time,the foreign workers in the Gulf countries experienced the evolution from“Arabization”to“South-Asianization”.Then,with the downturn of oil economy,the unemployment rate of the natives in the Gulf countries kept rising,coupled with the political struggle and social chaos caused by foreign workers,the xenophobia of the natives in the Gulf countries was once high,and the“localization”policy towards foreign workers in the Gulf countries was implemented,which evolved from the first generation of“localization”policy with government intervention to the second generation of“localization”policy with market regulation as the main factor,and the Gulf countries gradually began to launch“localization”reform centered on industrial innovation.Especially in the context of building the“Belt and Road”with China,the reform of foreign labor policies in the Gulf countries brings about both opportunities and challenges for China to export advantageous production capacity and professionals to the Gulf region.

关 键 词：海湾国家 外籍劳工 政策演变 “本土化”政策 中国机遇 

分 类 号：F249.1[经济管理—劳动经济]