临困介词“迫于”的句法定位与语义提取  

Syntactic Localization and Semantic Extraction of the Preposition“Pòyú”(迫于)Expressing Compromise Under Pressure

作　　者：杨娟 YANG Juan(Department of Chinese Language and Literature,Jinzhong College,Jinzhong 030619,Shanxi)

机构地区：[1]晋中学院中文系,山西晋中030619

出　　处：《阜阳师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期58-64,共7页Journal of Fuyang Normal University:Social Science

基　　金：晋中学院博士专项资金资助项目“现代汉语‘X于’类近义原因介词比较研究”(JUD2023028)。

摘　　要：本文通过对“迫于”词性的界定、句子逻辑关系的论证、同现成分的验证和语义内涵的提取,归纳出介词“迫于”的语义关联为“因面临困境压迫而违心妥协退让”,简称“临困而退”。首先,通过论证分析和对比研究得出“迫于”为动介兼类词,并整体勾勒出介词“迫于”的语义关联;其次,通过分布定位与正反验证,提取出“迫于”的困境义宾语具有性质上的严峻性和关系上的强势性;然后,得出主句的语用站位是言者视角,主句语义包括认知上退让、意向上违心和情态上迁就三个要素;最后,形式印证“迫于”宾语为他因和自因的兼因角色。综上,“迫于”为临困义兼因介词。This paper summarizes the semantic correlation of the preposition“pòyú”(迫于)as“compromising reluctantly due to pressure from a difficult situation,”abbreviated as“compromising under pressure,”through defining the part of speech of“pòyú,”demonstrating sentence logical relationships,verifying co-occurrence components,and extracting semantic connotations.Firstly,through argumentative analysis and comparative research,it is concluded that“pòyú”is a word with both verbal and prepositional functions,and the semantic correlation of the preposition“pòyú”is outlined as a whole.Secondly,through distribution localization and positive and negative verification,it is extracted that the object expressing a difficult situation in“pòyú”has severity in nature and dominance in relation.Then,it is concluded that the pragmatic stance of the main clause is from the speaker’s perspective,and the semantics of the main clause include three elements:cognitive concession,intentional reluctance,and modal accommodation.Finally,it is formally verified that the object of“pòyú”plays a dual role as both an external and internal cause.In summary,“pòyú”is a preposition expressing both difficulty and causality.

关 键 词：“迫于” 严峻性 言者视角 临困而退 兼因 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]