普通尿素与控释尿素配比一次性施肥对稻麦产量及氮素利用率的影响  

Effects of one-off fertilization with common urea and controlled release urea at a certain ratio on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of rice and wheat

作　　者：贺平 陈玮峰 蔡健 郁洁 张丽 陈雅玲 李云龙 左文刚[1] 单玉华[1] 柏彦超[1] HE Ping;CHEN Weifeng;CAI Jian;YU Jie;ZHANG Li;CHEN Yaling;LI Yunlong;ZUO Wengang;SHAN Yuhua;BAI Yanchao(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225127,China;Jiangsu Farmland Quality and Agricultural Environmental Protection Station,Nanjing 210000,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学环境科学与工程学院,江苏扬州225127 [2]江苏省耕地质量与农业环境保护站,江苏南京210000

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2025年第2期276-285,共10页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：江苏现代农业(水稻、蔬菜)产业技术体系项目[JATS(2023)318、JATS(2023)317]。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究普通尿素与控释尿素配比一次性施肥对稻麦产量及氮素利用率的影响,为江苏里下河地区稻麦科学施肥提供依据。以宁麦13、南粳9108为材料,在江苏省高邮市进行为期3年的稻麦轮作大田试验,以不施氮肥为空白对照(CK),设置W0处理(100%普通尿素,50%基肥+50%追肥)与控释尿素按不同比例替代普通尿素一次性基施处理(W3处理,70%普通尿素+30%控释尿素;W5处理,50%普通尿素+50%控释尿素;W7处理,30%普通尿素+70%控释尿素;W10处理,100%控释尿素)。同时,基于W7处理设置减氮20%处理(WJ7)。结果表明,与普通尿素施肥处理相比,普通尿素与不同配比的控释尿素一次性施肥处理能够显著提高稻麦产量、氮素利用率,其中稻、麦产量最高分别可达8.26 t/hm^(2)、6.09 t/hm^(2),分别较常规施肥处理(W0)提高18.3%、34.4%。此外,W10处理的小麦3年平均氮素利用率最高,为47.5%,W7处理的水稻3年平均氮素利用率最高,为45.6%。在普通尿素与控释尿素简化配施条件下,减氮20%整体上对稻麦产量、氮素利用率无显著影响,但会降低水稻植株的氮素积累量。与普通尿素施肥处理相比,普通尿素与不同配比控释尿素一次性施肥处理提高了土壤全氮含量、有机质含量,并且在3年试验期内,全氮含量、有机质含量整体呈增加趋势。基于本研究结果得出,在江苏里下河地区稻麦轮作条件下,水稻适宜的控释尿素配施比例为70%,小麦适宜的控释尿素配施比例为70%~100%。To provide a basis for the scientific application of fertilizers in the rice-wheat rotation system of the Lixiahe area in Jiangsu province,a study was conducted on the effects of one-off fertilization with common urea and controlled-release urea at a certain ratio on the yield and nitrogen use efficiency of rice and wheat.The study utilized the varieties Ningmai 13 and Nanjing 9108 in a three-year field trial of rice-wheat rotation in Gaoyou City,Jiangsu province.A control treatment without nitrogen fertilizer(CK)was established,along with a W0 treatment(100%common urea,with 50%as the basal dressing and 50%as the top dressing).Treatments with controlled-release urea substituting for common urea at different ratios in a single basal application were set up(W3 treatment,70%common urea+30%controlled-release urea;W5 treatment,50%common urea+50%controlled-release urea;W7 treatment,30%common urea+70%controlled-release urea;W10 treatment,100%controlled-release urea).Additionally,a 20%nitrogen reduction treatment(WJ7)was set up based on the W7 treatment.The results indicated that the combined application of common urea and controlled-release urea significantly enhanced both the yield and nitrogen use efficiency of rice and wheat.The highest yields of rice and wheat were 8.26 t/hm^(2)and 6.09 t/hm^(2),respectively,which were 18.3%and 34.4%higher than those of conventional fertilization treatment(W0).In addition,the average nitrogen use efficiency of wheat treated with W10 was the highest in three years,which was 47.5%.The average nitrogen use efficiency of rice treated with W7 was the highest in three years,which was 45.6%.Under the simplified co-application of common urea and controlled-release urea,reducing nitrogen by 20%did not significantly affect the yield and nitrogen use efficiency of rice and wheat,but it did decrease the nitrogen accumulation in the plants.The combined application of common urea and controlled-release urea increased the total nitrogen content and organic matter content in the soil,and the total

关 键 词：稻麦 控释尿素 简化配施 产量 氮素利用率 

分 类 号：S365[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]