土壤含盐量对滨海盐渍农田土壤氮素转化和淋失特征的影响  

Effect of soil salt content on the characteristics of nitrogen transformation and leaching in soils of coastal saline farmland

作　　者：董岳 胡奕婷 张辉[5] 徐聪 聂亚锋[1] 马艳[1,2,3] 汪吉东 DONG Yue;HU Yiting;ZHANG Hui;XU Cong;NIE Yafeng;MA Yan;WANG Jidong(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,China;Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization(Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing 210014,China;Experimental Station of Yancheng,National Center of Technology Innovation for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-Alkali Lands,Yancheng 224000,China;College of Resource and Environment,Anhui Science and Technology University,Fengyang 233100,China;Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,江苏南京210014 [2]农业农村部盐碱土改良与利用<滨海盐碱地>重点实验室,江苏南京210014 [3]国家盐碱地综合利用创新中心盐城试验站,江苏盐城224000 [4]安徽科技学院资源与环境学院,安徽凤阳233100 [5]江苏省农业科学院农产品质量安全与营养研究所,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2025年第2期296-304,共9页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20241171);江苏省农业科技自主创新基金项目[CX(23)1019];江苏省科技计划项目(BE2023354)。

摘　　要：为明确土壤含盐量对滨海盐渍农田土壤氮素转化和淋失特征的影响,本研究设置4个土壤含盐量水平[CK(含盐量<1 g/kg)、S1(含盐量2 g/kg)、S2(含盐量3 g/kg)、S3(含盐量5 g/kg)],进行120 d的模拟淋溶试验,动态监测土壤和淋溶液中铵态氮(NH^(+)_(4)-N)和硝态氮(NO^(-)_(3)-N)含量,明确土壤含盐量对氮素转化和淋失特征的影响及其机制。结果表明,相比于CK和S1处理,高土壤含盐量(≥3 g/kg)延缓了S2和S3处理土壤NH^(+)_(4)-N和NO^(-)_(3)-N含量达到峰值的时间,并显著降低了土壤NO^(-)_(3)-N含量的峰值。高土壤含盐量显著影响了NH^(+)_(4)-N淋失特征:相较于CK和S1处理,S2和S3处理淋溶液NH^(+)_(4)-N质量浓度峰值更低、到达峰值时间更晚。但土壤含盐量未对NO^(-)_(3)-N淋失特征(NO^(-)_(3)-N质量浓度和淋失量)产生显著影响。监测期间土壤和淋溶液NO^(-)_(3)-N含量(质量浓度)呈现“双峰值”变化趋势:除施肥后30 d内土壤和淋溶液NO^(-)_(3)-N含量(质量浓度)上升外,施肥第45 d后,土壤和淋溶液NO^(-)_(3)-N含量(质量浓度)再次显著升高。方差分解分析结果显示,水输入量和氮转化过程的综合效应是决定NO^(-)_(3)-N淋失的主要因素。综上,当土壤含盐量≥3 g/kg时,盐分显著抑制尿素的水解和硝化作用。但受高水输入量影响,盐分对NO^(-)_(3)-N淋失没有显著影响。水输入量的降低会导致NO^(-)_(3)-N的累积并增加施肥后期的淋失风险。因此,作物生长期合理的水肥管理结合休耕期种植覆盖作物可有效减少滨海盐渍农田NO^(-)_(3)-N淋失。To explore the influence of soil salt content on characteristics of nitrogen transformation and nitrate nitrogen(NO^(-)_(3)-N)leaching in coastal saline soils,a 120-day soil column experiment was conducted to simulate leaching experiment,with four treatments of different soil salinity levels(CK:<1 g/kg;S1:2 g/kg;S2:3 g/kg;S3:5 g/kg).The dynamic variations of ammonium(NH^(+)_(4)-N)and NO^(-)_(3)-N contents in soils and leachates were monitored to determine the influences of soil salt content on the characteristics of nitrogen transformation and NO^(-)_(3)-N leaching,and the mechanisms were studied.The results showed that compared with CK and S1 treatments,high soil salinity(≥3 g/kg)delayed the peak time of the soil NH^(+)_(4)-N and NO^(-)_(3)-N contents under S2 and S3 treatments.Meanwhile,the peak value of soil NO^(-)_(3)-N content was significantly decreased.High soil salinity significantly influenced the characteristics of NH^(+)_(4)-N leaching.Compared with CK and S1 treatments,the peak values of NH^(+)_(4)-N mass concentration of leachates under S2 and S3 treatments were lower,with later peak time.However,the soil salt content showed no significant influence on the leaching characteristics of NO^(-)_(3)-N mass concentrations in leachates and NO^(-)_(3)-N leaching amount.The mass concentrations of NO^(-)_(3)-N in soils and leachates both showed a“two-peak”variation during the detection period.Besides the obvious increase within 30-day after fertilization,NO^(-)_(3)-N contents increased significantly again in soils and leachates 45 days after fertilization.Variation partitioning analysis showed that the combined effect of water input and nitrogen transformation mainly determined NO^(-)_(3)-N leaching.Therefore,when the soil salt content was≥3 g/kg,soil salinity significantly inhibited urea hydrolysis and nitrification processes.However,due to the influence of high water input,soil salinity showed no obvious effect on the NO^(-)_(3)-N leaching.The decrease of water input in the later period of fertilizat

关 键 词：滨海盐渍土 土壤盐分 硝化作用 硝态氮淋失 氮素迁移转化 

分 类 号：S156.42[农业科学—土壤学]