玉米机械化播种关键技术与装备研究进展  

Research progress on key technologies and equipment for mechanized maize sowing

作　　者：花登峰 姜鹏 高进[1] 施洋 孙健雄 陆镇威 王海洋[1] 程芳梅 杨华[1] 王为[1] HUA Dengfeng;JIANG Peng;GAO Jin;SHI Yang;SUN Jianxiong;LU Zhenwei;WANG Haiyang;CHENG Fangmei;YANG Hua;WANG Wei(Institute of Agricultural Sciences in the Coastal District of Jiangsu Province/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Co-sponsored by Province and Ministry,Yancheng 224000,China;China Agricultural Mechanization Center,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100122,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所/省部共建现代作物生产协同创新中心,江苏盐城224000 [2]农业农村部农业机械化总站,北京100122

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2025年第2期393-403,共11页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：江苏省亚夫科技服务专项[KF(23)1211];盐城市重点研发计划项目(YCBE202414);中央粮油生产保障专项——响水县玉米单产提升项目(320921-2024-ZY-004);江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所科研基金项目(YHS202209、YHS202203)。

摘　　要：玉米机械化播种是玉米产业提质增效的关键环节,也是促进现代农业转型升级、推进新型农机产品技术创新型研发的重要途经。根据玉米机械化播种技术的实施应用情况,本文从玉米种植模式、玉米机械化播种配套装备、玉米机械化播种关键技术及智能化技术在玉米机械化播种中的应用4个方面进行综述,阐述了当前中国玉米的种植概况及种植模式,重点介绍了玉米直播和移栽2种播种技术与装备的研究动态,结合精准农业背景,分析了智能化现代测控技术在玉米播种机械上的应用研究情况,涵盖播量监测、变量播种、自动导航等技术。在此基础上,提出了当前玉米播种机械化的发展难点,并对其发展趋势进行展望,以期为玉米播种机械化技术研究与装备创制应用提供参考。Mechanized sowing of maize is not only a key link to improve the quality and efficiency of maize industry,but also an important way to promote the transformation and upgrading of modern agriculture and promote the technological innovation and research and development of new agricultural machinery products.According to the implementation and application of maize mechanization sowing technology,this paper summarizes the maize planting mode,maize mechanization sowing equipment,maize mechanization sowing key technology and the application of intelligent technology in maize mechanization sowing.This paper expounds the current planting situation and planting mode of maize in China,and focuses on the research trends of two kinds of sowing technology and equipment of maize direct seeding and transplanting.Combined with the background of precision agriculture,this paper analyzes the application of intelligent modern measurement and control technology in maize sowing machinery,including sowing quantity monitoring,variable sowing,automatic navigation and so on.On this basis,this paper puts forward the difficulties in the development of maize sowing mechanization,and looks forward to its development trend,in order to provide reference for the research of maize sowing mechanization technology and the creation and application of equipment.

关 键 词：玉米 播种 直播 移栽 机械化 精准农业 

分 类 号：S352.5[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]