四川民族地区嘉绒藏族传统聚落社会网络变迁特征及空间营建模式思考  

Characteristics of Social Network Change and Spatial Construction Mode of Jiarong Tibetan Traditional Settlement in Sichuan Ethnic Areas

作　　者：石亚灵 胡高伟 赵艺洁 李骥 SHI Yaling;HU Gaowei;ZHAO Yijie;LI Ji(School of Architecture,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;School of Geography and Planning,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China;State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610051,China;School of Architecture,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 611759,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学建筑学院 [2]成都理工大学地理与规划学院 [3]成都理工大学地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室 [4]西南交通大学建筑学院

出　　处：《城市与区域规划研究》2024年第2期79-110,共32页Journal of Urban and Regional Planning

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(52208044);教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目(22YJC760077);中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2023M731960);四川省科技教育联合基金项目(24LHJJ0095);山地城镇建设与新技术教育部重点实验室2024-2025年开放课题(LNTCCMA-20240103);四川省哲学社会科学基金项目(SCJJ24ND144);青藏高原及其东缘人文地理研究中心开放基金(RWDL2022-ZD001);成都理工大学哲学社会科学研究基金项目(YJ2024-QN015)资助。

摘　　要：近些年,我国四川民族地区大量传统聚落因旅游开发,其社会关系被赋予新的发展形式与内涵,也蕴含了由于社会关系变迁而导致的传统聚落保护的现实困境。文章以四川甘孜州丹巴县甲居藏寨为例,展开自2000年旅游开发以来的社会网络变迁特征研究。文章收集传统聚落近20年间的居民社会关系、产业等基础数据,采用社会网络分析方法构建2001年、2012年、2023年的亲缘、地缘、业缘关系网络模型,通过社会网络中心度指标计算,对比分析旅游开发进程中社会网络结构特征、中心性特征及空间分布特征变化。结果显示:①亲缘结构由不规则树枝状转变为分散树枝状,地缘结构由分散结构转向紧密结构,业缘结构由星型状发展为完备结构形态;②亲缘关系、地缘关系、业缘关系网络的个体中心性分别为先增强后减弱、先减弱后增强、持续增强;③亲缘关系空间分布特征由集聚到分散,地缘关系空间分布特征由分散到集中,业缘关系空间分布特征随时间推演快速集聚。进一步讨论发现,人口流动、家庭结构改变是血缘关系网络变迁的主导因素,聚居方式、新建家屋是地缘邻里关系网络变迁的背后机理,产业形态转变、社会资本注入是业缘关系网络变迁的重要因素。文章依据社会网络变迁分析,提出传统聚落空间营建方法,以丰富乡村文化遗产保护理论,指引民族传统聚落规划实践。In recent years,a large number of traditional settlements in Sichuan ethnic areas of China have been given new development forms and connotations due to tourism development,which also contains the practical dilemma of traditional settlement protection caused by the change of social relations.Taking Jiaju Tibetan Village in Danba County,Ganzi Prefecture,Sichuan Province as an example,this paper studies the characteristics of social network change since the development of tourism in 2000.This paper collects the basic data of residents’social relations and industries in traditional settlements in the past 20 years,and uses the social network analysis method to construct the network models of kinship,geography and karma in 2001,2012 and 2023,and compares and analyzes the changes of social network structure characteristics,centrality characteristics and spatial distribution characteristics in the process of tourism development through the calculation of social network centrality index.The results show that:(1)The kinship structure changes from irregular dendritic to scattered dendribranch,the geographical structure changes from scattered structure to compact structure,and the karmic structure develops from star shape to complete structure.(2)The individual centrality of kinship,geographical relationship and karmic relationship network was first strengthened and then weakened,first weakened and then enhanced,and continuously enhanced,respectively.(3)The spatial distribution characteristics of kinship relationship changed from agglomeration to dispersion,the spatial distribution characteristics of geographical relationship changed from scattered to concentrated,and the spatial distribution characteristics of karmic relationship rapidly agglomeration with time deduction.Further discussion found that population flow and family structure change are the leading factors of the change of kinship network,settlement mode and new house building are the mechanisms behind the change of geo-neighborhood relationship network,and t

关 键 词：传统聚落 社会网络 四川民族地区 嘉绒藏族 甲居藏寨 

分 类 号：TP3[自动化与计算机技术—计算机科学与技术]