中俄黑龙江跨境流域1990-2020年土地覆盖与耕地资源时空变化  

Spatio-temporal Changes of Land Cover and Cultivated Land Resources in the Cross-border Amur River Basin Between China and Russia from 1990 to 2020

作　　者：邹伟豪 王卷乐[2,3,4] 杨可明 刘梦[2,5] 江嘉伟 刘亚萍 ZOU WeiHao;WANG JuanLe;YANG KeMing;LIU Meng;JIANG JiaWei;LIU YaPing(College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Jiangsu Centre for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application,Nanjing 210023,China;School of Marine Technology and Geomatics,Jiangsu Ocean University,Lianyungang,Jiangsu 222005,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京),地球科学与测绘工程学院,北京100083 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室,北京100101 [3]中国科学院大学,资源与环境学院,北京100049 [4]江苏省地理信息资源开发与应用协同创新中心,南京210023 [5]江苏海洋大学,海洋技术与测绘学院,江苏连云港222005

出　　处：《农业大数据学报》2025年第1期2-13,共12页Journal of Agricultural Big Data

基　　金：“一带一路”国际科学组织联盟资助(ANSO-CR-KP-2022-06);中国工程科技知识中心建设项目(CKCEST-2023-1-5)。

摘　　要：中俄黑龙江跨境流域的土地资源优越,是东北亚粮食生产潜力巨大的区域。掌握其过去土地覆盖和耕地变化对区域农业资源开发利用具有重要意义。针对该区域长期土地覆盖和农业资源认识不足的问题,本文基于GlobeLand 30和GLC_FCS 30数据集,获取1990年、2000年、2010年、2020年的30米分辨率土地覆盖数据,引入土地覆盖转移矩阵、动态度以及变化强度等模型对黑龙江流域的土地覆盖变化进行分析,重点探讨耕地资源变化及其中俄对比。结果表明:黑龙江流域土地覆盖类型中林地占主导地位,其次为草地和耕地,水域、建设用地和未利用地占比较小。1990-2020年,耕地面积呈现出先减少后增加趋势,其中1990-2000年变化最大,而2010-2020年是耕地面积增加较为明显的时期。中俄对比分析显示,黑龙江流域内中国部分的耕地面积远多于俄罗斯部分的耕地面积,1990-2000年中国部分的耕地变化的剧烈程度也远远高于俄罗斯部分的耕地变化,但后20年有明显减弱。从共同点来看,黑龙江流域内中俄两个区域耕地变化趋势均为先减少后增加,不同之处在于1990-2020年中国区域内耕地总面积减少,俄罗斯区域内耕地总面积略有增加。研究发现人口迁移、城镇化、土地改革以及资金短缺可能是耕地资源变化的主要原因,据此提出未来开发利用的建议。The cross-border Heilongjiang Basin between China and Russia,rich in land resources,holds significant potential for food production in Northeast Asia.Grasping its past land cover and cropland changes is important for regional agricultural resource development and utilization.This study addresses the chronic lack of awareness of land cover and agricultural resources in the area.Utilizing the GlobeLand 30 and GLC_FCS 30 datasets the study obtained 30-meter resolution land-cover data for the years 1990,2000,2010,and 2020.Models such as the land use transfer matrix,attitude of motivation,and intensity of change were employ to analyze land cover changes in the Amur River Basin,with a focus on cropland resources and their comparison between China and Russia.The analysis reveals that forest land is the dominant land cover type,followed by grassland,cropland,water,construction land,and unutilized land.From 1990 to 2020,the cultivated land area initially decreased,then increased,with the most significant change occurring between 1990 and 2000.While the period 2010-2020 is a period of more significant increase in the area of cultivated land.Comparative analysis between China and Russia shows that the area of cultivated land in the Chinese part of the Heilongjiang Basin is much larger than that in the Russian part,and the drastic change of cultivated land in the Chinese part of the Heilongjiang Basin during the period of 1990-2000 is much higher than that of cultivated land in the Russian part of the Heilongjiang Basin,but it has been weakened significantly in the last 20 years.From the common point of view,the trend of cropland change in both the Chinese and Russian regions within the Heilongjiang basin is first decreasing and then increasing,the difference is that the total area of cropland in the Chinese region decreases and the total area of cropland in the Russian region slightly increases during the period from 1990 to 2020.The study found that population migration,urbanization,land reform and shortage of funds may be

关 键 词：土地覆盖 耕地资源 黑龙江流域 俄罗斯 农业发展 中蒙俄经济走廊 

分 类 号：F301.2[经济管理—产业经济]