由“证真”至“察伪”:汉魏孔氏家学研究路径的转向  

From “Verifying Truth” to “Detecting Falsehood”:the Shift in the Research Path of Han Wei Kong Family Studies

作　　者：刘光胜 LIU Guangsheng(Confucian Civilization Provincial-Ministerial Collaborative Innovation Center,Shandong University,Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学儒家文明省部共建协同创新中心,山东济南250100

出　　处：《齐鲁学刊》2025年第2期37-47,共11页Qilu Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金冷门绝学研究专项学术团队项目“先秦两汉出土易类文献汇纂通考与话语体系建构研究”(23VJXT002);古文字与中华文明传承发展工程规划项目“出土文献与数字卦综合研究”(G3965)。

摘　　要：清华简《尹诰》诸篇证实梅赜本《古文尚书》是伪书之后,汉魏孔氏家学研究需要开启根本性的转向,即由“证真”转向“察伪”。汉代官学体制对于文献的传流、保存,至关重要。孔壁古文16篇没有立于官学,此或为其“复出之后又亡佚”的重要缘由。以孔僖、孔季彦为代表,谨遵遗训、训诂简明、不求利禄,是孔氏家族古文之学的显著特征。郑玄、王肃之争,意味着汉魏古文经学分化态势已经显明。而梅赜本《古文尚书》以学术融合为导向,荟萃诸家之长,训诂准确简明,全力彰显君圣臣贤的王道理想,是继郑玄、王肃之后古文经学发展的又一学术高峰。After the various chapters of the Tsinghua Bamboo Slips Yin Gao confirmed that the Mei Ze version of Gu Wen Shang Shu was a fake book,the research of the Han and Wei Kong family needed to initiate a fundamental shift from “verifying truth” to “detecting falsehood”.The official education system of the Han Dynasty was crucial for the dissemination and preservation of literature.The sixteen ancient texts discovered in the Kong family's wall were not incorporated into the official curriculum,which may serve as a plausible explanation for their “rediscovery and subsequent disappearance”.Represented by Kong Xi and Kong Jiyan,the prominent feature of the Kong family's study of ancient Chinese literature is their adherence to ancestral teachings,concise exegesis,and non-pursuit of personal gain.The dispute between Zheng Xuan and Wang Su signifies the differentiation of Han and Wei classical scholarship.The Mei Ze version of Gu Wen Shang Shu is guided by academic integration,gathering the strengths of various schools of thought,providing accurate and concise exegesis,and fully embodying the ideal of the royal way of king.It is another academic peak in the development of ancient Chinese literature following Zheng Xuan and Wang Su.

关 键 词：孔氏家学 梅赜本《古文尚书》 《孔子家语》 《孔丛子》 

分 类 号：K204[历史地理—历史学]