行贿罪从重处罚情节的三维结构及其规范适用  

The Three-Dimensional Structure of Aggravating Circumstances in Bribery and Its Normative Application

作　　者：郑自飞 ZHENG Zifei(School of Law,Chengdu University,Chengdu 610106,China)

机构地区：[1]成都大学法学院,四川成都610106

出　　处：《齐鲁学刊》2025年第2期95-107,共13页Qilu Journal

基　　金：成都大学高级别项目培育基金“毒品犯罪网络化的治理问题研究”(2022GJBKYXMPYJJ14);四川省哲学社会科学基金一般项目“刑事指控体系重塑下检察提前介入监察规范化研究”(SCII24ND097);教育部哲学社会科学重大课题攻关项目“推进国家监察全覆盖研究”(18JZD037)。

摘　　要：行贿罪从重处罚情节的规范适用,既要判断行贿行为是否符合从重处罚条件,更要解决如何进行从重处罚的问题。现有的综合分析论、中间线论、替代论等学说,因存在过度抽象性或机械性等不足,无法为行贿罪从重处罚情节适用提供可靠的理论参照。基于从重处罚情节的一般内涵,可从要件裁量、效果裁量、基准裁量三个维度把握行贿罪从重处罚情节的基本结构,进而指导其司法适用。在要件裁量上,要坚持禁止重复评价原则,明确行贿罪各从重处罚情节的构成要素,厘清其适用条件和范围。在效果裁量上,要明确从重处罚不等于最重处罚,原则上满足“方式从重”或“幅度从重”要求之一即符合从重处罚的基本要求。在基准裁量上,要平衡从重处罚与特别从宽情节的紧张关系,结合行贿罪的保护法益和具体情节的立法目的,在行贿行为对应的法定刑限度内综合判断从重处罚量度。The normative application of aggravating circumstances for bribery requires not only determining whether the bribery act meets the conditions for aggravated punishment but also addressing how to impose such punishment.Existing theories such as the comprehensive analysis theory,the middle line theory,and the substitution theory are inadequate due to excessive abstraction or mechanical nature and thus fail to provide a reliable theoretical framework for the application of aggravating circumstances for bribery.Based on the general connotation of aggravating circumstances,the basic structure of aggravating circumstances in bribery can be understood from three dimensions:element-based discretion,effect-based discretion,and benchmark-based discretion,which can then guide its judicial application.In terms of element-based discretion,the principle of prohibiting double evaluation should be adhered to,the constituent elements of each aggravating circumstance for bribery should be clarified,and their application conditions and scope should be defined.In terms of effect-based discretion,it should be clear that aggravated punishment does not equate to the most severe punishment.In principle,meeting one of the requirements of “method-based aggravation” or “aggravated range” is sufficient to meet the basic requirements of aggravated punishment.In terms of benchmark-based discretion,the tension between aggravated punishment and special leniency circumstances should be balanced.Combined with the protected legal interests of bribery and the legislative purpose of specific circumstances,the degree of aggravated punishment should be comprehensively determined within the range of the statutory penalty corresponding to the bribery act.

关 键 词：行贿罪 从重处罚 特别从宽制度 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学]