铁路与灾黎:以民国三十六年皖北水灾为例的思考  

Railways and Disaster Victims:Reflections Based on the Flood in Northern Anhui in 1947

作　　者：何常春 He Changchun(School of History Culture and Tourism,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang 330022)

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学历史文化与旅游学院,南昌330022

出　　处：《西部学刊》2025年第5期81-85,共5页Journal of Western

摘　　要：1946年和1947年,全国铁路客货运量均有一定增长。皖北水灾发生后,难民大多通过津浦铁路向南京、徐州等城市进行疏散。国民政府主要依靠铁路来运输灾荒物资,皖省政府沿着津浦路设立了多个救济站,津浦路为救济物资的运输提供了高效便捷的通道。铁路的负责运输制度规定在货物运输过程中对货物的保管、安全运输和损坏赔偿负责,避免了依赖转运公司带来的运输成本增加和效率降低问题,使得救济物资能够在最短时间内准确送达灾民手中,其不仅保障了救济粮食的安全,还大大提高了运输效率。铁路枢纽城市蚌埠在灾民聚集和面粉发放数量方面具有显著优势,在灾害发生时,承担了大量难民的救济和物资中转任务,成为救济物资运输的重要节点。虽然铁路在赈灾过程中体现了移民移粟的重要功能,但是不能超越历史大环境来过分夸大铁路对于当时社会经济的绝对作用。In 1946 and 1947,the national railway system experienced moderate growth in both passenger and freight transportation volumes.After the flood in Northern Anhui,most of the refugees were evacuated via the Tianjin-Pukou Railway to cities such as Nanjing and Xuzhou.The National Government mainly relied on railways to transport disaster-relief supplies.The Anhui Provincial Government set up multiple relief stations along the Tianjin-Pukou Railway,and this railway provided an efficient and convenient passage for the transportation of relief supplies.The railway accountability transportation system stipulated that it was responsible for the storage,safe transportation,and damage compensation of goods during the transportation process.This avoided the problems of increased transportation costs and reduced efficiency caused by relying on transfer companies,enabling relief supplies to be accurately delivered to the victims in the shortest possible time.It not only ensured the safety of relief grain but also greatly improved the transportation efficiency.Bengbu,a railway hub city,had significant advantages in terms of the number of gathered victims and the quantity of flour distribution.During the disaster,it undertook a large number of tasks of relieving refugees and transshipping supplies,becoming an important node in the transportation of relief supplies.Although railways demonstrated the important function of relocating people and transporting grains during the disaster-relief process,we should not over-exaggerate the absolute role of railways in the social economy at that time beyond the historical context.

关 键 词：皖北水灾 铁路运输 灾害响应 赈灾 

分 类 号：K266.9[历史地理—历史学]