中国沿海沉船事故致因特征分析  

Analysis on Causal Characteristics of Shipwreck Accidents in Chinese Coastal Waters

作　　者：江玉杰 JIANG Yu-jie(Jiangsu Ocean University,Lianyungang 222000,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏海洋大学,江苏连云港222000

出　　处：《武汉船舶职业技术学院学报》2025年第1期75-82,共8页Journal of Wuhan Institute of Shipbuilding Technology

摘　　要：为了揭示中国沿海沉船事故致因特征,基于301份中国沿海沉船事故数据,运用分类统计方法分析不同事故地点和事故时间下中国沿海沉船事故致因特征,并通过构建沉船事故致因重要度评价模型识别出中国沿海沉船事故关键致因。研究结果显示,与港口航道和停泊水域相比,沿海航路因航行计划不当、未纠正错误、超航区航行、违法营运和海图资料配备不当等因素导致沉船事故发生的频率更高,而因防台措施不当导致沉船事故发生的频率更低;与白天相比,夜间因避碰行动不当、未采取安全航速、未及时采取行动、值班人员未认真履职、未及早发现碰撞物、设备配备不当等因素导致沉船事故发生的频率更高,而因违反操作程序导致沉船事故发生的频率更低;值班人员不足、危险判断不当、应急措施不当、安全意识淡薄、船体进水、缺乏监督与指导、超航区航行、教育和培训不到位、技能经验不足、配员不足、安全管理不到位、强风、通航环境复杂、外部组织行为不当是中国沿海沉船事故关键致因。To reveal the characteristics of causes for shipwreck accidents in China's coastal waters,based on 301 shipwreck accident data from China's coastal areas,a classification statistical method was used to analyze the causal characteristics of shipwreck accidents under different accident locations and times.By constructing an importance evaluation model for the causes of shipwreck accidents,the key causal factors of shipwrecks in China's coastal waters were identified.The results show that the frequency of shipwrecks in coastal routes is higher due to improper navigation planning,uncorrected errors,over-navigation,illegal operation and improper allocation of chart data,while the frequency of shipwrecks is lower due to improper typhoon preparedness measures.Compared with the daytime,the frequency of shipwreck accidents is higher at night due to improper collision avoidance actions,failure to take safe speed,failure to take timely actions,failure of duty personnel to perform their duties seriously,failure to detect collision objects early,improper equipment and other factors,and the frequency of shipwreck accidents is lower due to violations of operating procedures.Key causal factors of shipwreck accidents in China's coastal waters include insufficient crew,improper risk assessment,inappropriate emergency measures,weak safety awareness,hull flooding,lack of supervision and guidance,navigation beyond authorized areas,inadequate education and training,insufficient skills and experience,under-staffing,inadequate safety management,strong winds,complex navigation environment,and inappropriate behavior of external organizations.

关 键 词：中国沿海 沉船事故 致因分析 分类统计 重要度评价模型 

分 类 号：U698.6[交通运输工程—港口、海岸及近海工程]