高等教育扩张与共同富裕:基于代际流动视角  

Higher Education Expansion and Common Prosperity:From the Perspective of Intergenerational Mobility

作　　者：张楠[1] 迟景明[2] 范洪敏[3] ZHANG Nan;CHI Jingming;FAN Hongmin(Institute of Higher Education,Liaoning University,Shenyang 110136,China;School of Public Administration and Policy,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China;School of Public Management,Liaoning University,Shenyang 110136,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学高等教育研究所,辽宁沈阳110136 [2]大连理工大学公共管理学院,辽宁大连116024 [3]辽宁大学公共管理学院,辽宁沈阳110136

出　　处：《辽宁大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第1期46-63,共18页Journal of Liaoning University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：辽宁省教育科学“十四五”规划一般课题“辽宁省学龄人口变动对基础教育资源配置影响与对策研究”(JG24CB165);辽宁省教育厅青年项目“高等教育扩张与共同富裕:基于代际收入流动视角”(LJ112410140119);辽宁省经济社会发展研究课题“辽宁省高等教育适龄人口变动对高等教育资源配置影响及对策研究”(2025LSLQNWZZKT-034)。

摘　　要：促进社会代际流动是缩小贫富差距,实现共同富裕的重要着力点。文章从“教育选择—社会选择—社会分层”分析视角出发,结合高等教育扩张前后高等教育内外部环境变化,分析高等教育扩张对代际流动影响的内在逻辑,采用赫克曼样本选择模型和工具变量法对两者关系进行了实证检验。研究发现:第一,高等教育扩张显著提高了代际向上流动概率,相比于高收入家庭,接受高等教育使低收入家庭获得了更多的代际向上流动机会;第二,高等教育扩张后,高等教育身份功能观的异化削弱了普通高等教育文凭的信号价值,精英高等教育文凭和研究生教育文凭取代普通高等教育文凭成为实现代际向上流动更为重要的影响机制;第三,高等教育扩张后,家庭资本在子代精英高等教育和研究生教育等优质高等教育机会获得方面发挥着重要作用,在高收入家庭的子代获得优质高等教育机会的同时,也对低收入家庭子代产生了明显的挤出效应。高等教育扩张后,不同收入水平家庭间的优质高等教育机会不平等和代际不平等现象没有得到明显改善。因此,继续加大对农村及低收入家庭的高等教育政策倾斜力度,推动高等教育高质量和多元化发展是发挥高等教育促进社会代际流动功能、实现共同富裕的可行路径。Promoting intergenerational mobility is an important focus for narrowing the gap between the rich and the poor and achieving common prosperity.Based on the analytical perspective of"educational choice——social choice——social stratification",this paper combines the changes in the internal and external environment of higher education before and after the expansion of higher education,theoretically analyzes the intrinsic logic of the impact of the expansion of higher education on intergenerational mobility,and empirically tests the relationship between the two by using Heckman's sample selection model and instrumental variables.The study finds that:first,the expansion of higher education significantly increases the probability of intergenerational upward mobility,and low-income families of higher education have more opportunities for intergenerational upward mobility than high-income families;second,after the expansion of higher education,the alienation of the functional view of higher education identity weakens the signaling value of the general higher education diploma,and the elite higher education diploma and postgraduate diploma replace the general higher education diploma to become more important mechanism for achieving intergenerational upward mobility;third,after the expansion of higher education,family capital has a strong influence on children’s access to high-quality higher education opportunities,such as elite higher education and postgraduate education,and access to high-quality higher education opportunities by the children of high-income families also has an obvious crowding out effect on the children of low-income families.Inequality of access to quality higher education and intergenerational inequality between capital-dominated and low-income households may not have improved significantly after the expansion of higher education.Therefore,further strengthening the orientation of higher education policies towards rural and low-income families and promoting the high-quality and diversified dev

关 键 词：高等教育扩张 教育选择 社会选择 代际流动 

分 类 号：C912[经济管理]