挤出温度对电缆绝缘料介观形貌和性能的影响研究  

Influence of extrusion temperature on mesoscopic morphology and properties of cable insulation materials

作　　者：李石琨 李文鹏 史晓宁 毕舒馨 宋鹏先[2] 唐庆华[2] 张翀 陈新 LI Shikun;LI Wenpeng;SHI Xiaoning;BI Shuxin;SONG Pengxian;TANG Qinghua;ZHANG Chong;CHEN Xin(State Key Laboratory of Advanced Power Transmission Technology,China Electric Power Research Institute,Beijing 100192,China;Electric Power Research Institute,State Grid Tianjin Electric Power Company,Tianjin 300384,China)

机构地区：[1]中国电力科学研究院有限公司先进输电技术全国重点实验室,北京100192 [2]国网天津市电力公司电力科学研究院,天津300384

出　　处：《绝缘材料》2025年第3期42-50,共9页Insulating Materials

基　　金：国家电网公司总部科技项目(5500-202312187A-1-1-ZN)。

摘　　要：为研究挤出温度对高压电缆绝缘料介观尺度晶体形貌和综合性能的影响规律及其作用机理,本文通过控制挤出温度制备得到3种绝缘料,随后结合系统表征、电气与力学性能测试及仿真模拟,揭示绝缘料结晶形貌与综合性能的构效关系。结果表明:在挤出温度为120℃时,绝缘料呈现致密排布和均匀的晶体构型,结晶度和结晶尺寸达到最佳值,分别为42.28%和15.15μm。结晶形貌的完善能够小幅提升绝缘料的介电常数并维持极低的介质损耗,同时大幅提升绝缘料的出胶量、体积电阻率、电气强度和断裂伸长率。依据仿真和试验结果相互验证可知,完整的晶体构型、较大的结晶尺寸和结晶度能够将无定型区域电场畸变程度降至最低,从而抑制局部放电和击穿的发生,此时绝缘料的电气强度达到最佳值(390 kV/mm)。To investigate the influence and mechanism of extrusion temperature on the mesoscale crystalline morphology and comprehensive performance of high-voltage cable insulation materials,we prepared three types of insulation materials by controlling the extrusion temperature.Systematic characterization,electrical and mechanical performance testing,and simulation were employed to reveal the structure-property relationship between crystalline morphology and material performance.The results show that at an extrusion temperature of 120℃,the insulation material exhibits densely packed and uniform crystal configuration,and shows optimal crystallinity and crystal size,which is 42.28%and 15.15μm,respectively.The improvement of crystal morphology can slightly enhance the dielectric constant of insulation materials and maintain extremely low dielectric loss,while can significantly increase the adhesive yield,volume resistivity,electric strength,and elongation at break of insulation materials.According to the mutual verification of simulation and experimental results,it is concluded that complete crystal configuration,larger crystal size and crystallinity can minimize the distortion degree of electric field in the amorphous region,suppressing the occurrence of partial discharge and breakdown,resulting in the electric strength reaching the optimal value(390 kV/mm).

关 键 词：介观尺度 绝缘料 挤出温度 结晶行为 仿真模拟 

分 类 号：TM215[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TQ325[电气工程—电工理论与新技术] TM247[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]