中国古代的封鲸鲵制度谫论  

Brief Discussion on Ancient Chinese Whale Sealing System

作　　者：李琳莉 李德山[2] LI Linli;LI Deshan

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学历史文化学院,长春130024 [2]东北师范大学古籍整理研究所,长春130024

出　　处：《北华大学学报(社会科学版)》2024年第6期25-30,151,共7页Journal of Beihua University(Social Sciences)

摘　　要：鲸鲵是我国古代传说中的一种海洋中的大鱼,即鲸鱼。因其体型庞大,具有强大的吞噬力,与贪婪不义之人相似,故常用“鲸鲵”比喻凶恶、叛逆之人,或强大的敌人或势力。为了崇尚武德,在征服不敬的对手以后,将象征征服对象的鲸鲵盆用泥土覆盖,再在上面栽种荆棘,即为封鲸鲵仪式。半坡遗址的人面鱼纹盆和马家窑文化的鲵鱼彩陶瓶象征胜利者或失败者,应是中国古代封鲸鲵制度的原始意象。春秋以降,封鲸鲵逐渐被筑京观所取代。“Cetacean”is a kind of big fish in the ancient Chinese legend,that is,the whale.Because of its huge body and powerful power,it is similar to greedy and unjust people,so it is often used to metaphorically describe fierce and rebellious people,or powerful enemies or forces.In to advocate military virtue,after conquering the disrespectful opponent,the whale basin symbolizing the conquered object is covered with soil,and then thorns are planted on it which is the ceremony of sealing the whale.The human face fish pattern basin of Banpo site and the painted pottery bottle of Majiayao culture symbolize the winner the loser,and should be the original image of the ancient Chinese sealing whale system.Since the Spring and Autumn Period,the sealing of the whale is gradually replaced by the construction of Jingguan.

关 键 词：鲸鲵 封鲸鲵制度 京观 半坡遗址 马家窑文化 

分 类 号：K207[历史地理—历史学]