强降雨条件对黄土挖方边坡径渗流特征的影响规律  

Effects of heavy rainfall conditions on runoff and seepage characteristics of loess cut slope

作　　者：赵海峰 邱明明 李晓敏 杨萌[1] ZHAO Haifeng;QIU Mingming;LI Xiaomin;YANG Meng(School of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Yan’an University,Yan’an 716000,China)

机构地区：[1]延安大学建筑工程学院,陕西延安716000

出　　处：《延安大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第1期29-36,共8页Journal of Yan'an University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：陕西省自然科学重点研发计划项目(2020ZDLSF06-03);陕西省教育厅服务地方专项计划项目(21JC035);延安市重点研发计划项目(2019ZCSY-006);延安大学科研计划资助项目(2023KXJ-010,2021ZCQ011)。

摘　　要：全球气候变化导致降雨频度和强度增加是黄土沟壑区工程边坡面临的严重威胁之一。以延安地区黄土挖方边坡为研究对象,开展不同降雨强度和降雨历时条件下黄土挖方边坡径渗流特征物理模拟试验,探明强降雨条件对黄土挖方边坡径渗流量、侵蚀泥沙量、坡体含水率和侵蚀变形特征的影响。结果表明,短历时强降雨下雨水以入渗为主,雨水入渗量约为坡面径流量的1.5倍以上;持续强降雨下雨水以径流为主,径渗流量随降雨强度和降雨历时增大而增加,但雨水入渗率与之相反;侵蚀泥沙量与降雨强度和降雨历时呈正相关关系,持续强降雨下侵蚀泥沙量为短历时强降雨下的10.811倍;降雨历时对坡体含水率变化影响显著,短历时强降雨主要影响浅层含水率变化,而持续强降雨下雨水入渗由浅层向深层扩展,且坡脚处含水率最高;持续强降雨下坡面侵蚀过程可分为溅蚀坑洞、侵蚀沟槽、局部滑塌三个阶段,侵蚀变形破坏范围表现为由坡脚向坡顶逐渐延伸。研究结果可为陕北地区黄土地质灾害防治提供参考。The increase of rainfall frequency and intensity caused by global climate change is one of the serious threats to the engineering slope in the loess gully region.Taking the loess cut slope in Yan’an area as the research object,the physical simulation test of runoff and seepage characteristics of loess cut slope under different rainfall intensity and rainfall duration conditions was carried out to explore the influence of heavy rainfall conditions on the runoff and seepage,erosion sediment,water content and erosion deformation characteristics of loess cut slope.The results show that the rainwater is mainly infiltrated under short-duration heavy rainfall,and the rainwater infiltration amount is about 1.5 times of the slope runoff,and the rainwater is mainly runoff under continuous heavy rainfall.With the increase of rainfall intensity and rainfall duration,the runoff and seepage increases,but the infiltration rate of rainwater is opposite.The amount of eroded sediment was positively correlated with rainfall intensity and rainfall duration.The amount of eroded sediment under continuous heavy rainfall was 10.811 times that under short-duration heavy rainfall.The rainfall duration has a significant effect on the change of water content in the slope,the shortduration heavy rainfall mainly affects the change of shallow water content,while the rainwater infiltration expands from shallow to deep under continuous heavy rainfall,and the water content at the foot of the slope is the highest.The erosion process of slope surface under continuous heavy rainfall can be divided into three stages:splash ero⁃sion pit,erosion gully and local collapse,and the range of erosion deformation and failure is gradually extended from the foot to the top of the slope.The research results can provide reference for the prevention and control of loess geological disasters in northern Shaanxi.

关 键 词：黄土挖方边坡 强降雨 模型试验 径渗流 含水率 

分 类 号：TU411[建筑科学—岩土工程]