不同施磷方式对干播湿出冬小麦光合生理特性及产量的影响  

Effects of different phosphorus application modes on photosynthetic physiological characteristics and yield of Dry-Seeded and Wet-Emerged winter wheat

作　　者：张妍婷 张永强 雷钧杰[2,3] 陈慧 陈传信[2,3] 徐其江 聂石辉 徐文修 ZHANG Yanting;ZHANG Yongqiang;LEI Junjie;CHEN Hui;CHEN Chuanxin;XU Qijiang;NIE Shihui;XU Wenxiu(College of Agronomy,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Key Laboratory of Desert-Oasis Crop Physiology,Ecology and Cultivation,MARA,Urumqi 830091,China;Research Insititute of Grain Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science,Urumqi 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830091 [3]新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2025年第1期29-36,共8页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目(2021B02002-1,2022B02001-3,2022B02015-1,2022B02015-2);新疆维吾尔自治区“天山英才”培养计划(2023TSYCCX0013,2023TSYCLJ0009);国家小麦产业技术体系乌鲁木齐综合试验站(CARS-03-88);新疆维吾尔自治区小麦产业技术体系项目(XJARS-01-06,XJARS-01-19);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金重点项目(2023D01D10);新疆农业科学院农业科技创新稳定支持专项(xjnkywdzc-2024002-08,xjnkywdzc-2023005-pt1)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同磷肥施用方式对干播湿出小麦光合特性、叶绿素荧光及产量的影响,筛选干播湿出模式下滴灌小麦磷肥施用方式。【方法】在大田试验条件下,以新冬22号为材料,采用双因素裂区试验设计,主区设置造墒播种(F)和干播湿出(D)2种出苗水方式;副区在总施磷量一致条件下设置3种磷肥施用方式,100%基施(P_(1))、70%基施+30%滴施(P_(2))、50%基施+50%滴施(P_(3)),分析不同施磷方式对干播湿出小麦光合特性、叶绿素荧光及产量的影响。【结果】磷肥后移显著增加了小麦的叶片SPAD值和LAI,分别提高0.88%~7.63%和7.25%~49.38%。在小麦光合特性中,各指标均随生育时期的推进呈下降趋势,其中DP_(3)处理表现最佳,P_(n)、T_(r)和G_(s)在开花期分别为25.59μmol/(m^(2)·s)、18.21mmol/(m^(2)·s)和0.73mmol/(m^(2)·s),C_(i)最低为324.88μmol/mol,且处理间差异显著。磷肥后移有效提高了穗数、穗粒数和千粒重,分别较FP_(1)处理提高了1.36%~18.43%、0.59%~4.06%和0.77%~7.21%。籽粒产量表现为DP_(3)>DP_(2)>FP_(3)>FP_(2)>DP_(1)>FP_(1),与FP_(1)相比,各处理增产幅度均在4.5%以上。【结论】DP_(3)处理(50%基施+50%追施)冬小麦光合有促进作用,产量及产量构成因素表现最佳,有利于磷肥高效利用。【Objective】To study the effects of different phosphorus fertilizer application methods on the photosynthesis characteristics,chlorophyll fluorescence and yield of dry-seeded wet-irrigated winter wheat,and to provide theoretical basis for phosphorus fertilizer application methods in dry-seeded wet-irrigated mode under drip irrigation.【Methods】Under field test conditions,Xindong 22 was used as experimental material,and a two-factor split plot experiment design was adopted.Two kinds of seedling emergence water methods were set up in the main plot:sowing(F)and dry sowing(D).Under the condition of the same total phosphorus application amount,three phosphorus application methods were set up in the secondary district,100%base application(P_(1)),70%base application+30%drop application(P_(2)),50%base application+50%drop application(P_(3)),and the effects of different phosphorus application methods on photosynthetic characteristics,chlorophyll fluorescence and yield of wet wheat were analyzed.【Results】Phosphorus fertilizer postpone significantly increased leaf SPAD value and LAI of wheat by 0.88%-7.63%and 7.25%-49.38%,respectively.In the photosynthetic characteristics of wheat,all indexes showed a downward trend with the growth period,among which DP_(3)treatment showed the best performance,Pn,Tr and Gs were 25.59μmol/(m^(2)·s),18.21 mmol/(m^(2)·s)and 0.73 mmol/(m^(2)·s)at flowering stage,respectively.The lowest Ci was 324.88μmol/mol,and the difference between treatments was significant.The number of panes,grains per spike and 1000-grain weight were increased by 1.36%-18.43%、0.59%-4.06%and 0.77%-7.21%,respectively,compared with FP_(1)treatment.The grain yield was DP_(3)>DP_(2)>FP_(3)>FP_(2)>DP_(1)>FP_(1).Compared with FP_(1),the yield increase of each treatment was more than 4.5%.【Conclusion】DP_(3)treatment(50%base application+50%topdressing)can promote photosynthesis of winter wheat under the experimental conditions,and the yield and yield components have the best performance.

关 键 词：干播湿出 滴灌小麦 施磷方式 光合生理 产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]