水氮耦合对斜坡滴灌春小麦冠层结构及光合速率的影响  

Effects of water and nitrogen coupling on canopy structure and photosynthetic rate of slope drip irrigated spring wheat

作　　者：王子健 李刘龙 赵焰辉 徐林峰 邱治中 李召锋[1] 雷钧杰[3] 王笑[2] 万文亮 姜东 WANG Zijian;LI Liulong;ZHAO Yanhui;XU Linfeng;QIU Zhizhong;LI Zhaofeng;LEI Junjie;WANG Xiao;WAN Wenliang;JIANG Dong(Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture,Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops,Shihezi University,Shihezi Xinjiang 832003,China;College of Agronomy,Nanjing Agricultural University/Wheat Regional Technology Innovation Center,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210000,China;Research Institute of Grain Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Desert-Oasis Crop Physiology,Ecology and Cultivation,MOARA,Urumqi 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院/新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,新疆石河子832003 [2]南京农业大学农学院/农业农村部小麦区域技术创新中心,南京210000 [3]新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所/农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2025年第1期75-86,共12页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业省部共建国家重点实验室开放课题;绿洲生态农业兵团重点实验室开发课题发展基金;斜坡模式下小麦行间籽粒品质分布特征的生理生化机制(202301);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目(2021B02002;2021B02002-1);石河子大学高层次人才启动项目(RCZK202466)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究水氮耦合效应及其对春小麦冠层结构和光合速率的影响,为斜坡种植模式的节本高效生产提供水氮管理策略和理论依据。【方法】以新春44号为供试材料,设置TR6H和TR8H(一条滴灌带位于坡顶,分别供应6行和8行小麦水分,斜坡坡面斜度为15度)2种模式;设置W_(3)、W_(2)和W_(1)(4500、4050和3600 m^(3)/hm^(2))3个灌水额度和N_(3)、N_(2)、N_(1)和N_(0)(300、270、240和0 kg/(N·hm^(2)))4个施氮量水平,其中W_(3)N_(3)为对照(常规水氮处理)。【结果】TR6H开花期的株高、茎蘖数、叶面积指数、冠层光截获辐射率和光合速率均高于TR8H。株高和冠层光辐射截获的总体趋势表现为(W_(3)和W_(2))>W_(1),(N_(3)和N_(2))>N_(1)>N_(0)的趋势,而叶角则呈相反的趋势,低水低氮处理叶角越大。叶面积指数和净光合速率总体趋势表现为W_(3)>W_(2)>W_(1)、N_(2)>N_(3)>N_(1)>N_(0)。相较于常规水氮处理(W_(3)N_(3)),TR6H和TR8H 2种模式均显著提高了冠层光截获辐射率和光合速率,增幅分别为3.6%~4.9%和3.9%~10.2%。【结论】斜坡模式下合理的水氮耦合会优化冠层结构,通过保持较高的茎蘖数和叶面积指数,获得较高的光合有效辐射截获率,同时具有较高的株高和紧凑的株型保持了一定的漏光损失量。筛选出模式为TR6H,水氮处理为W_(3)N_(2)。【Objective】Study the coupling effect of water and nitrogen and its effects on the canopy structure and photosynthetic rate of spring wheat on the basis of the slope drip irrigation wheat planting model,so as to provide a water and nitrogen management strategy and theoretical basis for the cost-saving and efficient production of slope planting mode.【Methods】Xinchun 44 was used as the test material,and two modes were set up:TR6H and TR8H(a drip irrigation belt was located at the top of the slope,which was supplied 6 rows and 8 rows of wheat moisture,respectively,and the slope was 15 degrees).W_(3),W_(2),W_(1)(4,500,4,050,3,600 m^(3)/hm^(2))irrigation rates and N_(3),N_(2),N_(1),N_(0)(300,270,240,0 kg/(N·hm^(2)))nitrogen application levels were set,and W_(3)N_(3)was the control(conventional water and nitrogen treatment).【Results】The plant height,stem tiller number,leaf area index,canopy light interception emissivity and photosynthetic rate of TR6H were higher than those of TR8H at the flowering stage.The general trend of plant height and canopy light radiation interception was(W_(3)and W_(2))>W_(1),(N_(3)and N_(2))>the trend of N_(1)>N_(0),while the leaf angle showed the opposite trend,namely the leaf angle of the low-water and low-nitrogen treatment was larger.The overall trend of leaf area index and net photosynthetic rate was W_(3)>W_(2)>W_(1),N_(2)>N_(3)>N_(1)>N_(0).Compared with the conventional water and nitrogen treatment(W_(3)N_(3)),the two modes of TR6H and TR8H significantly increased the canopy light interception emissivity and photosynthetic rate,with an increase of 3.6%-4.9%and 3.9%-10.2%,respectively.【Conclusion】The reasonable coupling of water and nitrogen under the slope mode can optimize the canopy structure and obtain a higher photosynthetically active radiation interception rate by maintaining a high stem tiller number and leaf area index,while keeping a certain amount of light leakage loss with a high plant height and compact plant type.TR6H is recommended for comprehensive consi

关 键 词：春小麦 斜坡滴灌 水氮耦合 冠层结构 光合速率 

分 类 号：S512.12[农业科学—作物学]