不同施氮量对滴灌小麦性状及根区土壤养分的影响  

Effects of different nitrogen application rates on the characteristics and root zone soil nutrients of drip irrigation wheat

作　　者：李娜 吕彩霞[1] 信会男 李永福 赖宁[1] 耿庆龙[1] 陈署晃[1] LI Na;LYU Caixia;Xin Huinan;LI Yongfu;LAI Ning;GENG Qinglong;CHEN Shuhuang(Institute of Soil Fertilizers and Agricultural Water Conservation,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2025年第1期87-94,共8页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆小麦产业技术体系(XJARS-01-21);不同土地利用方式对土壤有机碳组分及土壤微生物量碳氮的影响(nkyzzkj-013);中央引导地方科技发展专项资金“新疆遥感与农业大数据应用服务平台”。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同施氮量对滴灌小麦生长特性及土壤养分含量的影响,探索适宜小麦养分积累、生长发育的施氮量,为科学合理施用化肥提供数据支撑。【方法】以滴灌春小麦为研究对象,通过田间小区试验,设置对照0 kg/hm^(2)(N_(0))、105 kg/hm^(2)(N_(1))、210 kg/hm^(2)、(N_(2))、315 kg/hm^(2)(N_(3))和420 kg/hm^(2)(N_(4))5个施氮量水平,分析各处理对春小麦生长性状(SPAD值、产量及产量构成因子)和不同层次土壤养分(有机质、全氮、速效氮、速效磷和速效钾)积累的影响差异。【结果】春小麦在拔节期、孕穗期、扬花期和灌浆期的SPAD值随施氮量的上升而上升,施氮量为315 kg/hm^(2)较利于SPDA值的积累。0~10 cm土壤有机质含量随施氮量的增加呈先减后增的趋势;10~40 cm土壤有机质含量随施氮量的增加呈先减后增再减的趋势;40~60 cm土壤有机质含量随施氮量的增加呈先减少后增加的趋势;0~60 cm土壤全氮、速效氮含量每层均随施氮量的增加均呈先增加后减少的趋势;0~60 cm土壤速效磷、速效钾含量每层均随施氮量的增加呈先减少后增加再减少的趋势。产量与株高、穗长、总小穗数、结实小穗数、主穗粒数和单株粒重均显著相关(P<0.05,相关系数分别为0.732*、0.665*、0.765**、0.737*、0.773**和0.592*)。不同处理的产量排序为N_(3)>N_(4)>N_(2)>N_(1)>N_(0),施氮量为315 kg/hm^(2)时最有利于提高春小麦产量。【结论】施氮量为315 kg/hm^(2)时,更适宜新疆南疆春小麦的生长。【Objective】To study the effects of different nitrogen application rates on the growth characteristics and soil nutrient content of drip irrigated wheat,explore suitable nitrogen application rates for wheat nutrient accumulation and growth and development in the hope of providing theoretical basis for scientific and rational application of chemical fertilizers and protection of farmland ecological environment.【Methods】Spring wheat under drip irrigation was used as the research object.Through field experiments,five nitrogen application levels were set up,including control(0kg/hm^(2),N_(0)),105 kg/hm^(2)(N_(1)),210 kg/hm^(2),(N_(2)),315 kg/hm^(2)(N_(3)),and 420 kg/hm^(2)(N_(4)),to analyze the differences in the effects of each treatment on the growth of spring wheat(SPAD value,yield and yield components,as well as the accumulation of soil nutrients(organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium)at different levels.【Results】The SPAD values of spring wheat during the jointing stage,booting stage,flowering stage,and filling stage increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate.The results showed that a nitrogen application rate of 315 kg/hm^(2)was more conducive to the accumulation of SPAD values.The organic matter content in the 0-10 cm soil showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing with the increase of nitrogen application rate;The organic matter content in 10-40 cm soil demonstrated a trend of first decreasing,then increasing,and then decreasing with the increase of nitrogen application rate;The organic matter content in the 40-60 cm soil displayed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing with the increase of nitrogen application rate;The total nitrogen and available nitrogen content in each layer of soil from 0-60 cm showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of nitrogen application rate;The content of available phosphorus and available potassium in each layer of 0-60 cm soil showed a trend of first

关 键 词：施氮量 土壤养分 春小麦 产量 

分 类 号：S512[农业科学—作物学]