伊犁河谷西天山野果林瓢虫多样性及空间分布特征  

Diversity and spatial distribution of ladybird in Western Tianshan wild fruit forest in Ili River Valley

作　　者：姚晓宇 胡红英 康宁 熊仕豪 YAO Xiaoyu;HU Hongying;KANG Ning;XIONG Shihao(College of Life Science and Technology of Xinjiang University,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering,Urumqi 830017,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆大学生命科学与技术学院/新疆生物资源基因工程重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830017

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2025年第1期210-216,共7页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆第三次全国综合科学考察项目“天山野果林生态系统与生物多样性调查”之课题3“天山野果林昆虫多样性调查”(2021xjkk0503)。

摘　　要：【目的】调查分析新疆伊犁河谷西天山野果林不同生境中瓢虫群落多样性,为西天山野果林的生物多样性保护提供基础数据。【方法】在2022~2023年的5~8月,系统调查伊犁河谷6个县市(霍城县、伊宁市、伊宁县、巩留县、新源县和尼勒克县)5种生境(包括山地草原、荒漠草原、湿地、果园、林地)共90个样点。【结果】共采集2014头瓢虫,隶属于13属23种。不同地区之间的瓢虫种群数量和物种组成差异显著:巩留县和霍城县瓢虫种群数量最多,而尼勒克县的瓢虫种群数量最少,多异瓢虫为优势种。不同生境间湿地的Margalef丰富度指数最高(2.891),而林地的最低(1.473)。多样性指数H′从高到低依次为山地草原>湿地>荒漠草原>果园>林地。均匀度指数E从高到低为荒漠草原>林地>果园>山地草原>湿地。其次,不同生境之间的昆虫种群相似性存在差异,其中荒漠草原和果园的相似度系数最高为0.76(中等相似);而林地与山地草原以及湿地的相似度指数均低于0.5(不相似或者极不相似)。【结论】湿地和山地草原等生境中的昆虫物种丰富度较高,是主要的昆虫物种储存库,其对应的昆虫群落多样性指数H′也较高,生境对瓢虫多样性具有重要影响。【Objective】This study conducted a survey on ladybug community diversity in different habitats of the western Tianshan Mountains wild fruit forests in the Ili River Valley,Xinjiang.The aim was to provide fundamental data for biodiversity conservation in the western Tianshan Mountains wild fruit forests.【Methods】From May to August 2022-2023,a systematic survey was conducted in six counties and cities in the Ili River Valley(Huocheng County,Yining City,Yining County,Gongliu County,Xinyuan County,and Nilka County)across five habitats(mountain grassland,desert grassland,wetland,orchard,and woodland),totaling 90 sampling points.【Results】A combined method of sweep netting and hand collection was employed,yielding a total of 2,014 ladybugs belonging to 13 genera and 23 species.Results indicated significant variations in ladybug population and species composition among different regions,Hippodamia variegata is the dominant species,with Gongliu County and Huocheng County having the highest ladybug populations,while Nilka County had the lowest.Ladybug Margalef richness index ranked from high to low as wetland>mountain grassland>desert grassland>orchard>woodland,with wetland having the highest index(2.891)and woodland the lowest(1.473).Diversity index H′ranked from high to low as mountain grassland>wetland>desert grassland>orchard>woodland.Evenness index E ranked from high to low as desert grassland>woodland>orchard>mountain grassland>wetland.Additionally,there were differences in insect community similarity among different habitats.The similarity coefficient between desert grassland and orchard was the highest at 0.76,indicating moderate similarity.However,woodland's similarity with mountain grassland and wetland was below 0.5,indicating dissimilarity or extreme dissimilarity.【Conclusion】Insect species richness was higher in habitats like wetland and mountain grassland,serving as significant reservoirs for insect species.The corresponding insect community diversity index H was also higher,highlighting the

关 键 词：捕食性 瓢虫 多样性指数 相似性 天敌昆虫保护 

分 类 号：S436[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]