农田机械除草技术与装备研究现状与发展趋势  

Current status and development trends of agricultural machinery weeding technologies and equipment

作　　者：郑和 李紫琪 单以才 朱烨均 肖茂华[1] ZHENG He;LI Ziqi;SHAN Yicai;ZHU Yejun;XIAO Maohua(College of Engineering,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210031,China;College of Electronic Engineering,Nanjing Xiaozhuang University,Nanjing 211171,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学工学院,江苏南京210031 [2]南京晓庄学院电子工程学院,江苏南京211171

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2025年第2期285-295,共11页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2001204);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金(CX(23)3035);南京市现代农机装备与技术创新示范项目(NJ[2023]03)。

摘　　要：杂草防控是农业生产中的重要环节之一。化学除草方法存在作物药害、杂草抗药性和环境污染等诸多负面影响。而机械除草方法具有安全、环保、可持续发展等优点,是一种对环境友好的除草方式,也是现代可持续农业的关键技术之一。本文综述了农田机械除草技术与装备的研究现状,分析了除草部件优化技术、杂草检测技术和对行识别技术等存在的不足,探讨了现有旱田和水田机械除草装备的特点,并对农业机械除草装备的未来发展趋势提出了展望。Weed control is an essential part of agricultural production.Chemical herbicides,however,have several drawbacks including crop damage,herbicide resistance in weeds,and environmental pollution.Mechanical weeding methods,which are safe,environmentally friendly,and sustainable,represent a key technology in modern sustainable agriculture.This paper reviewed the current research on agricultural machinery and equipment for mechanical weeding,highlighting deficiencies in technologies for optimizing weeding components,detecting weeds,and recognizing crop rows.It also explored the characteristics of existing mechanical weeding equipment for both dry and paddy fields,and presented a perspective on future trends in agricultural mechanical weeding equipment.

关 键 词：杂草防控 机械除草 除草部件优化 杂草检测 对行识别 

分 类 号：S23[农业科学—农业机械化工程]