玉米机械化定向播种技术研究进展  

Research progress of mechanized oriented seeding technology for corn

作　　者：白慧娟 苑严伟[2] 周利明[2] 牛康[2] 方宪法[2] BAI Huijuan;YUAN Yanwei;ZHOU Liming;NIU Kang;FANG Xianfa(School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication,Beijing 102600,China;Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京印刷学院机电工程学院,北京102600 [2]中国农业机械化科学研究院集团有限公司,北京100083

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2025年第2期296-311,共16页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：北京印刷学院博士启动金项目(27170123010)。

摘　　要：玉米定向播种是一种优质高效的农业生产模式,是使种子以直立且尖端朝下胚面平行于播种行或胚面朝上长轴垂直于播种行的姿态被土壤包围,可优先产生垂直于播种行的叶片,有利于提升玉米产量。本文阐述了玉米定向播种生产模式及该模式可以促进产量提升的内在机制;围绕种子姿态识别、种子姿态调整和机械化定向播种三方面内容,阐述了玉米机械化定向播种技术的工作原理、技术特点和发展动态。结合我国精准农业背景下稳面积、提单产、增总产的需求,总结了现有玉米机械化定向播种技术的研究现状,分析了该技术发展缓慢的原因,提出了未来的研究重点、需要突破的技术瓶颈和发展建议。Corn oriented seeding is a high-quality and efficient agricultural production mode,which makes the seed surrounded by soil with the posture of upright and tip down,embryo surface parallel to the seeding row or embryo facing up,long axis perpendicular to the seeding row.It can preferentially produce leaves perpendicular to the seeding row,which is conducive to increasing corn yield.In this paper,corn oriented seeding production model and the internal mechanism that this model can promote yield increase were described.Then the working principle,technical characteristics and development trends of corn mechanized oriented seeding technology were expounded based on three aspects:seed posture identification,seed posture adjustment and mechanized oriented seeding.On this basis,combined with the demand of stable area to increase unit yield and total yield under the background of precision agriculture in China,the current research status of corn mechanized oriented seeding technology were summarized,and the reasons for the slow development of the technology were analyzed,and the future research focus,technical bottlenecks to be broken through and development suggestions were put forward.The mechanized oriented seeding technology for corn will gradually become one of the important development directions in the field of corn seeding in the future,and this paper hopes to provide references for the research,development and popularization of this technology.

关 键 词：玉米 定向播种 姿态识别 姿态调整 进展 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]