空气喷涂耐高温涂层的技术现状及展望  

Technical Status and Prospects of Air Spraying High Temperature Resistant Coating

作　　者：曹仁伟 李海燕[1,2] 桂林 张建英 孙坤[1,2] 宋慈 高梦岩 贺辉 刘畅 CAO Renwei;LI Haiyan;GUI Lin;ZHANG Jianying;SUN Kun;SONG Ci;GAO Mengyan;HE Hui;LIU Chang(Marine Chemical Research Institute Co.Ltd,Shandong Qingdao 266071,China;State Key Laboratory of Marine Coating,Shandong Qingdao 266071,China;Qingdao Emergency Management Affairs Service Center,Shandong Qingdao 266034,China;AVIC the First Aircraft Institute,Xi’an 710089,China;Qingdao University College of Materials Science and Engineering,Shandong Qingdao 266071,China)

机构地区：[1]海洋化工研究院有限公司,山东青岛266071 [2]海洋涂料国家重点实验室,山东青岛266071 [3]青岛市应急管理事务服务中心,山东青岛266034 [4]航空工业第一飞机设计研究院,西安710089 [5]青岛大学材料科学与工程学院,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《表面技术》2025年第6期62-73,86,共13页Surface Technology

摘　　要：耐高温涂层在众多领域均拥有着关键的热防护功能。对于实际应用,空气喷涂设备简单、施工便捷,在大面积涂层施工中扮演着重要角色。为此,重点探讨了可空气喷涂的耐高温涂层,具体包括有机和无机耐高温涂层两大类。有机耐高温涂层方面,针对其耐温极限,重点阐述了4个提升涂层耐热性的技术发展方向,包括:有机无机杂化、杂环聚合物、隔氧保护以及成膜物再生耐高温涂层,并详细介绍了每种涂层的原理、特点及优缺点。有机无机杂化和杂环聚合物耐高温涂层直接提升了涂层成膜物的热降解温度,而隔氧保护和成膜物再生耐高温涂层间接提升了涂层的耐热性。无机耐高温涂层方面,则主要讨论了无机磷酸盐涂层,探讨了其耐高温和抗氧化机制,并针对磷酸盐涂料低温难以固化的技术瓶颈,讨论了硅溶胶、促凝剂、金属氧化物及其表面包覆金属氧化物对降低磷酸盐涂料固化温度的效果,其中表面包覆金属氧化物具有最佳的低温固化效果。最后,通过对比分析各种技术的适用特性,总结了有机和无机耐高温涂层目前存在的问题及难点,并明确了未来空气喷涂耐高温涂层的研究重点和技术发展方向。High-temperature resistant coatings are crucial for providing thermal protection in various sectors,encompassing both military and civilian applications.These coatings are indispensable for equipment and structures operating in high-temperature environments,such as aircraft,engines,high-temperature boilers,and steam pipes.Thermal spraying techniques like flame spraying and plasma spraying are often limited by equipment constraints,restricting their use to small areas and coating them unsuitable for large-sized components.Consequently,air spraying remains the predominant method for applying high-temperature resistant coatings due to its simplicity and effectiveness over larger surfaces.The work aims to explore the development and application of high-temperature resistant coatings suitable for air spraying,categorizing them into organic and inorganic coatings.For organic high-temperature resistant coatings,four technological development strategies aimed at enhancing heat resistance are introduced,including organic-inorganic hybridization,heterocyclic polymers,oxygen barrier protection,and film-forming regeneration.The principles,characteristics,advantages,and disadvantages of each method are discussed in detail.Organic-inorganic hybrid and heterocyclic polymer coatings directly increase the thermal degradation temperature of the film former,thereby improving heat resistance.In contrast,oxygen barrier protection and film regeneration coatings enhance heat resistance indirectly by providing a protective barrier or by regenerating the film-forming material under high temperatures.Organic-inorganic hybridization involves integrating inorganic components into the organic matrix,resulting in coatings with enhanced thermal stability and mechanical properties.Heterocyclic polymers are designed to withstand higher temperatures due to their stable molecular structures.Oxygen barrier protection aims to prevent oxidative degradation of the coatings by forming a protective layer that limits oxygen penetration.Film-forming regen

关 键 词：耐高温涂层 有机硅涂层 耐热性 有机无机杂化 磷酸盐涂层 低温固化 

分 类 号：TB34[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]