深海沉积物源微生物的分离及其防污活性研究  

Study on the isolation and antifouling activity of the deep-seasediment-derived microorganisms

作　　者：苏培[1] 王逸宁 张世保 张萌 祁剑飞[4] 赵逗裟 曾启明 曹冉冉 冯丹青[1] SU Pei;WANG Yining;ZHANG Shibao;ZHANG Meng;QI Jianfei;ZHAO Dousha;ZENG Qiming;CAO Ranran;FENG Danqing(College of Ocean and Earth Sciences,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361102,China;Hainan Nuclear Power Co.,Ltd.,Changjiang 572733,China;China Nuclear Power Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100840,China;Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian,Xiamen 361013,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学海洋与地球学院,福建厦门361102 [2]海南核电有限公司,海南昌江572733 [3]中国核电工程有限公司,北京100840 [4]福建省水产研究所,福建厦门361013

出　　处：《渔业研究》2025年第2期129-137,共9页Journal of Fisheries Research

基　　金：福建省促进海洋与渔业产业高质量发展专项资金项目(FJHYF-L-2023-14);福建省海洋服务与渔业高质量发展专项资金项目(FJHY-YYKJ-2023-1-5);福建省海洋经济政产学研用金及学科联盟科技项目计划资助(FOCAL2023-0302);中国核电工程有限公司资助项目(20223160A0834)。

摘　　要：【背景】海洋污损生物对养殖业具有严重危害,当前用于防除污损生物的重金属基防污剂污染海洋环境,急需开发环保防污剂。天然活性物质是环保防污剂的重要来源。【目的】从深海沉积物中分离并筛选出具有防污活性的微生物资源。【方法】本研究从深海不同底质的沉积物中分离纯化微生物,并以海洋污损生物沙筛贝(Mytilopsis sallei)稚体和多室草苔虫(Bugula neritina)幼体为检测生物,检测其发酵液和菌体代谢产物的防污活性,并观察各提取物对沙筛贝的后遗效应。【结果】从6种底质沉积物中共分离获得10个属15株微生物,其中海杆菌属(Marinobacter)为优势菌群。B2(Alteromonas sp.)、C1(Marinobacter sp.)、C2(Escherichia sp.)、E1(Pseudoalteromonas sp.)、E2(Marinobacter sp.)和F2(Flagelli-monas sp.)菌株的提取物抑制沙筛贝稚体的附着,B1(Marinomonas sp.)、B2(Alteromonassp.)、C2(Escherichia sp.)、C3(Marinobacter sp.)和E2(Marinobacter sp.)菌株的提取物抑制多室草苔虫幼体的附着。其中,F2(Flagellimonas sp.)菌株的菌体和C1(Marinobactersp.)、E2(Marinobacter sp.)菌株的发酵液提取物对沙筛贝无后遗效应,表明其毒性较低。【结论】本研究从深海沉积物中共获得8株具有防污活性的微生物,其中F2、C1、E2菌株在海洋环保防污领域具有开发潜力。[Background]Marine fouling organisms pose severe problems to aquaculture.However,the metal-based antifoulants pollute marine environment.Thus,environmentally friendly alternatives are urgently needed.Natural antifouling products are important sources of environmentally friendly antifoulants.[Objective]Theaim of this study is to screen out the deep-sea microbial resources with antifouling activity.[Methods]Here themicroorganisms from the different sediments of the deep sea were isolated and the antifouling activity of theirfermentation broth extracts was tested using the settlement assays with the mussel Mytilopsis sallei juvenilesand the bryozoan Bugula neritina larvae.Furthermore,the residual effect of the bacterial extracts on M.salleijuveniles were examined.[Results]The results showed that 15 microorganisms of 10 genera were isolatedfrom 6 types of the deep-sea sediments.Marinobacter was the dominant bacterial group.The extracts of strainsB2(Alteromonas sp.),C1(Marinobacter sp.),C2(Escherichia sp.),E1(Pseudoalteromonas sp.),E2(Marinobacter sp.)and F2(Flagellimonas sp.)inhibited settlement of M.sallei juveniles,and the extracts of thestrains B1(Marinomonas sp.),B2(Alteromonas sp.),C2(Escherichia sp.),C3(Marinobacter sp.)and E2(Marinobacter sp.)inhibited settlement of B.neritina larvae.The bacterial extracts of strains F2(Flagellimonassp.)and fermentation broth extracts of C1(Marinobacter sp.)and E2(Marinobacter sp.)showed no residual ef-fect on M.sallei juveniles,indicating their low toxicity.[Conclusion]Eight strains of antifouling bacteria areisolated from deep-sea sediments,among which strains F2,C1,and E2 demonstrate potential in the field of en-vironmentally friendly marine antifouling.

关 键 词：海洋污损生物 深海沉积物 微生物 天然产物防污剂 发酵产物 

分 类 号：S953[农业科学—水产养殖] P735[农业科学—水产科学]