低盐胁迫对西施舌存活、非特异性免疫酶和NKA酶活性的影响  

Effects of low-salinity stress on survival,non-specific immune enzymes and NKA enzyme activities of Coelomactra antiquata

作　　者：蔡思灿 张方琪 栗志民[1] CAI Sican;ZHANG Fangqi;LI Zhimin(College of Fisheries,Guangdong Ocean University,Zhanjiang 524088,China)

机构地区：[1]广东海洋大学水产学院,广东湛江524088

出　　处：《渔业研究》2025年第2期161-170,共10页Journal of Fisheries Research

基　　金：广东省教育厅项目(2020ZDZX1031)。

摘　　要：【背景】西施舌(Coelomactra antiquata)是一种食药兼备的海水经济贝类。近年来,广东省湛江沿海西施舌人工繁育取得成功,并在其近岸海区进行大规模增殖放流。夏季,湛江沿海大量降水造成近岸海水盐度大幅度降低,对西施舌成贝的生长繁殖构成极大的威胁。【目的】考察西施舌的低盐耐受性及免疫相关酶活性的变化。【方法】以产自湛江徐闻海域的西施舌为实验材料,设置盐度缓降组和盐度骤降组,通过比较盐度缓降过程中半数西施舌存活时的临界盐度(50%CSMin)和盐度骤降过程中的72 h西施舌半数死亡时的盐度(72 h LS_(50))进行探究。取盐度骤降组在0、6、12、24、48 h的西施舌鳃组织,利用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法考察低盐胁迫下鳃组织的Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATP酶(NKA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和溶菌酶(LZM)的酶活性。【结果】在盐度缓降过程中,西施舌的最低存活盐度(SSMin)为18.22,最低临界盐度(CSMin)为10.18,50%CSMin为13.07。在盐度骤降过程中,72 h LS_(50)为16.86。盐度骤降胁迫48 h对西施舌鳃组织的NKA、CAT、SOD、AKP、ACP和LZM均产生显著影响(P<0.05),其中CAT、SOD、ACP、AKP、LZM酶活性均呈现先上升后下降的趋势,最大值分别为75.36 U/m L、293.8 U/m L、0.292 U/L、0.321 U/L和5.283 U/m L;NKA酶活性呈现上升趋势,且48 h内的最大值为0.339 U/m L。【结论】在同一盐度下,盐度缓降组的存活率显著高于盐度骤降组。本研究结果为西施舌低盐抗氧化机制分析提供理论支撑,同时对西施舌人工养殖具有重要的指导意义。[Background]Coelomactra antiquata is an economically important marine shellfish species that isvalued for both its culinary and medicinal properties.In recent years,the artificial breeding of C.antiquata alongthe coast of Zhanjiang has been successful,and large-scale proliferation and release have been carried out in thecoastal areas.The large amount of precipitation in summer in the coastal area of Zhanjiang has caused a signific-ant decrease in the salinity of the coastal waters,which poses a great threat to C.antiquata.[Objective]Thechanges of low salinity tolerance and related enzyme activities of C.antiquata were investigated.[Methods]C.antiquata,collected from the Xuwen sea area of Zhanjiang,was used as experimental materials.The gradualand acute dropping salinity groups were set up to explore the low salinity tolerance of C.antiquata throughcomparing the 50%CSMin(the salinity at which half of the C.antiquata survived)during the gradual droppingsalinity process and the 72 h LS50(the salinity at which the survival rate was 50%within 72 hours)during theacute dropping salinity process.The gill tissues of acute dropping salinity groups at 0 h,6 h,12 h,24 h and 48 hwere taken to investigate the immune indicators under low salinity stress,including Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase(NKA),su-peroxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),alkaline phosphatase(AKP),acid phosphatase(ACP)and lysozyme(LZM).[Results]The minimum survival salinity(SSMin)was 18.22,the minimum critical salinity(CSMin)was 10.18,and the salinity at which the survival rate was 50%(50%CSMin)was 13.07.The median lethal salin-ity after 72 h(72 h LS50)was 16.86.The NKA,CAT,SOD,AKP,ACP and LZM of gill tissue were signific-antly affected by acute dropping salinity stress for 48 h(P<0.05).CAT,SOD,ACP,AKP and LZM all showeda trend of increasing first and then decreasing,and their minimum values were 75.36 U/mL,293.8 U/mL,0.292 U/L,0.321 U/L and 5.283 U/mL,respectively.NKA showed an upward trend,and the minimum valuewithin 48 h was 0.339 U/mL.[Conclusion]At the same salinity,

关 键 词：西施舌 低盐胁迫 存活 酶活性 

分 类 号：S966[农业科学—水产养殖]