洞庭湖东缘养殖小龙虾硒和重金属元素含量特征及安全性评价  

Selenium and heavy metals content and safety assessment of crayfish(Procambarus clarkii)cultured in the eastern margin of Dongting Lake,China

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作  者:毛雄 李聪 卢欣 陈创 廖琦 汤恒佳 董好刚[1] MAO Xiong;LI Cong;LU Xin;CHEN Chuang;LIAO Qi;TANG Hengjia;DONG Haogang(Changsha General Survey of Natural Resources Center,China Geological Survey,Changsha 410000,China)

机构地区:[1]中国地质调查局长沙自然资源综合调查中心,湖南长沙410000

出  处:《渔业研究》2025年第2期171-181,共11页Journal of Fisheries Research

基  金:自然资源部中国地质调查局项目(DD20208071)。

摘  要:【背景】随着现代工农业的快速发展,环境污染日益加剧,大量重金属污染物被排入江河湖泊中,导致水质恶化现象严重,受到重金属污染的水产品进入食物链,进而对人体健康带来潜在危害。小龙虾(克氏原螯虾,Procambarus clarkii)作为近年来蓬勃发展的一种水产品,养殖规模和消费量日益扩大,食用安全性越来越受到重视。【目的】查明洞庭湖区养殖小龙虾重金属元素含量的特征,并评估其食用安全性与富硒开发潜力。【方法】通过收集研究区60个养殖基地的小龙虾样品,采用电感耦合等离子体-质谱法、原子荧光光谱法对其虾头(头部内脏及虾螯)、虾体(腹部肌肉去壳)分别进行检测,分析小龙虾重金属元素含量特征和食用安全性,并对其富硒潜力进行评价。【结果】洞庭湖东缘养殖小龙虾体内重金属含量呈现Zn>Cu>其他元素特征,As、Cr、Cd、Pb等有害重金属主要富集于虾头,Se、Cu、Zn等有益重金属在虾体部位较为丰富。虾体中Se元素的含量范围为0.130~0.950 mg·kg^(-1),已符合富硒食品标准,富硒率为100%,超标元素为Pb(16.67%)和As(3.33%);食用安全性评价结果显示,研究区养殖小龙虾虾体已受到Pb中等程度的污染,受到As、Hg、Cd轻微程度的污染,但重金属可耐受摄入量评价显示,成人每周通过小龙虾摄入重金属的量尚在安全的范围内。通过与沉积物中重金属含量的比较及相关性分析,初步判断洞庭湖东缘养殖小龙虾体内的重金属Cd和As的残留可能与养殖池塘沉积物中重金属的污染有关。【结论】洞庭湖东缘养殖小龙虾的食用风险尚在安全范围内,其虾体中的Se含量达到100%的富硒程度,这为其提供更高的经济价值。【意义】上述结论阐明了洞庭湖东缘养殖小龙虾的食用安全性与富硒特色潜力,可为该地区养殖小龙虾产业的发展与特色富硒小龙虾品牌的建设提供参考。[Background]As modern industry and agriculture experience swift growth,the issue of environ-mental pollution is escalating at an alarming rate.Vast quantities of heavy metal contaminants are being releasedinto the rivers and lakes,leading to a stark decline in water quality.Consequently,aquatic products tainted withheavy metals are making their way into the food chain,posing potential risks to human health.In recent years,crayfish(Procambarus clarkii)has emerged as a popular aquatic commodity,with both cultivation and con-sumption on the rise.As a result,the focus on the food safety of P.clarkii has intensified,commanding greaterscrutiny and attention.[Objective]The aim of the study was to find out the content characteristics of heavymetal elements in P.clarkii cultured in Dongting Lake area and evaluate its edible safety and selenium-rich de-velopment potential.[Methods]In the study region,a total of 60 farms’samples of P.clarkii were gathered foranalysis.The concentrations of heavy metals within both the head(comprising visceral mass and carapace)andthe body(encompassing abdominal muscles and exoskeleton)of these P.clarkii were assessed using induct-ively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)and atomic fluorescence spectroscopy(AFS),respectively.This comprehensive approach aimed to delineate the distributional patterns of heavy metal content in P.clarkii,assess its implications on food safety,and appraise the potential for selenium bioaccumulation.[Results]Theconcentrations of heavy metals in P.clarkii sampled from the eastern fringe of Dongting Lake exhibited a gradi-ent of zinc surpassing copper followed by other trace elements.Notably,detrimental heavy metals like arsenic,chromium,cadmium,and lead predominantly accumulated in the non-consumable head regions of P.clarkii,whereas essential nutrients such as selenium,copper,and zinc were found in higher quantities within the edibleportions.Selenium levels varied between 0.130 mg·kg^(-1)and 0.950 mg·kg^(-1),meeting the criteria for selenium-enriched foods

关 键 词:小龙虾 重金属  安全性评价 洞庭湖东缘 

分 类 号:S912[农业科学—水产科学]

 

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