中国圆田螺和梨形环棱螺的形态学分析和繁殖力比较研究  

Morphological analysis and fecundity evaluation of Cipangopaludina chinensisand Ellamya purificata

作　　者：曾高雄 ZENG Gaoxiong(Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian Province,Fuzhou 350002,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省淡水水产研究所,福建福州350002

出　　处：《渔业研究》2025年第2期203-211,共9页Journal of Fisheries Research

基　　金：福建省海洋服务与渔业高质量发展专项资金项目(FJHY-YYKJ-2023-2-2)。

摘　　要：【目的】近年来,随着外来物种入侵的面积逐渐扩大,野生纯种田螺资源不断遭受破坏,因此开展田螺遗传育种和产业化发展工作迫在眉睫。由于田螺螺壳没有明显的第二性征,如何快速有效地判断田螺的性别成为育种难题。本研究旨在建立一个科学高效的形态学判别模型,控制中国圆田螺(Cipangopaludina chinensis)和梨形环棱螺(Ellamya purificata)雌雄性别比例,从而提高其繁殖效率。【方法】以中国圆田螺和梨形环棱螺为试验对象,对其开展形态学分析和繁殖力研究。通过测量其体质量、壳高、壳宽等指标,并进行方差和Fisher逐步判别分析,建立2种螺的雌雄个体判别模型。进一步探究2种螺的不同雌雄性别比例与繁殖力之间的关系,设置1.0∶1.0、1.5∶1.0和2.0∶1.0三组不同雌雄比例繁殖试验组。【结果】中国圆田螺雄螺的判别模型为F_(1)=-1.967X_(1)+2.965X_(2)+2.756X_(3)-75.999,雌螺为F_(2)=-2.256X_(1)+2.096X_(2)+4.091X_(3)-78.587;梨形环棱螺雄螺的判别模型为F_(1)=1.216X_(2)+3.315X_(4)+2.899X_6-64.443,雌螺为F_(2)=2.435X_(2)+4.247X_(4)-0.547X_6-58.138。经回判验证,梨形环棱螺雌雄个体综合判断准确率为95.9%,中国圆田螺雌雄个体综合判断准确率为94.5%。2种螺的生殖力跟踪研究结果显示,不同品种和不同雌雄比例的繁殖力均有所不同,其中中国圆田螺的产籽螺数量呈逐渐降低趋势,而梨形环棱螺的产籽螺数量相对稳定;梨形环棱螺的产籽螺能力强于中国圆田螺,其繁殖力约为中国圆田螺的5~7倍。2种螺适宜的雌雄比例为1.0∶1.0~1.5∶1.0,当雌雄比例达到2.0∶1.0时,雌螺产籽螺的能力明显减弱。【结论】本试验通过检测分析获得中国圆田螺和梨形环棱螺不同雌雄个体的判别模型,其准确率均在94.0%以上。进一步通过繁殖力检测,获得中国圆田螺和梨形环棱螺最适的雌雄个体养殖比例为1.0∶1.0~1.5∶1.0。【意义】研�[Objective]In recent years,as the encroachment of non-native species continues to expand,the nativeViviparidae populations have faced significant threats,immediate action is needed for genetic conservation andcommercial cultivation.The challenge lies in the lack of distinct sexual dimorphism in the shells of these fresh-water snails,which complicates the rapid and accurate determination of gender-a critical aspect of successfulbreeding programs.To address this issue,the study aims to develop a sophisticated morphometric discriminationmodel that can accurately assess the sex of both Cipangopaludina chinensis and Ellamya purificata.This willenable us to manage their population sex ratios more effectively and enhance their reproductive success,ulti-mately contributing to the preservation and sustainable use of these valuable aquatic resources.[Methods]Thisstudy delves into the morphological characteristics and reproductive potential of two distinct species within theViviparidae family.Through meticulous measurements of various physical attributes such as body mass,shelldimensions including height and width,the study have constructed robust discriminant models for distinguishingbetween males and females of both species.These models are based on variance analysis and Fisher’s stepwisediscriminant method.Furthermore,to elucidate the correlation between varying sex ratios and fecundity in theseViviparidae species,the study had designed an experimental setup comprising three breeding cohorts with con-trolled sex ratios of 1.0∶1.0,1.5∶1.0,and 2.0∶1.0,respectively.This approach allows the auther to systemat-ically investigate how changes in the proportion of males to females impact the reproductive output of each spe-cies.[Results]In the discriminative model of C.chinensis male snail:F_(1)=-1.967X_(1)+2.965X_(2)+2.756X_(3)-75.999;female snail:F_(2)=-2.256X_(1)+2.096X_(2)+4.091X_(3)-78.587;in the discriminative model of E.purificata,male snail:F_(1)=1.216X_(2)+3.315X_(4)+2.899X_(6)-64.443;female snail:F_(2)=2.435X_(

关 键 词：中国圆田螺 梨形环棱螺 形态学分析 逐步判别分析 繁殖力 

分 类 号：S966.281[农业科学—水产养殖]