泉吉河中青海湖裸鲤的繁殖生物学特征  

Reproductive biology of Gymnocypris przewalskii in Quanji River,Qinghai Province

作　　者：付生云 祁洪芳[1,2] 罗颖 汪鹏程[1] 田少锋 FU Shengyun;QI Hongfang;LUO Ying;WANG Pengcheng;TIAN Shaofeng(Qinghai Naked Carp Rescue Center,Xining 810016,China;Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Gymnocypris przewalskii Breeding and Protection,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海湖裸鲤救护中心,青海西宁810016 [2]青海省青海湖裸鲤繁育与保护重点实验室,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《渔业研究》2025年第2期230-237,共8页Journal of Fisheries Research

基　　金：国家淡水水产种质资源库(FGRC:18537);青海省重点研发与转化计划项目(2024-SF-152)。

摘　　要：[背景]2023年对标记了被动集成应答器(PIT)芯片的青海湖裸鲤(Gymnocypris przewalskii)溯河群体进行监测,发现不同河道的溯河群体有分组现象。[目的]研究青海湖裸鲤群体出现洄游分组现象后的繁殖生物学特征。[方法]2023年5月至8月在泉吉河采集了552尾青海湖裸鲤样本,从性腺采集与处理、初次性成熟体长、卵径分布、性腺指数、繁殖力及年龄鉴定等方面进行繁殖生物学研究。[结果]采集的青海湖裸鲤样本平均体长为(224.5±20.4)mm,平均体质量为(179.5±62.1)g,其中雌鱼有253尾,平均体长为(240.4±28.7)mm,平均体质量为(140.9±76.9)g;雄鱼有299尾,平均体长为(188.8±63.0)mm,平均体质量为(159.3±55.6)g。雌鱼的年龄由4龄~11龄7个年龄段组成,以4龄、5龄为主,占比为78.6%;雄鱼的年龄由3龄~6龄4个年龄段组成,以3龄、4龄为主,占比为86.5%。根据L_(50)的方法,求得雌性L_(50)方程为L_(50)=1=[1+e^(-0:65(Lmid-173:1))],初次性成熟体长为167.5 mm;雄性L_(50)=1=[1+e^(-0:98(Lmid-157:2))],初次性成熟体长为154.6 mm。雌鱼卵巢发育Ⅱ期的平均卵径为(0.98±0.05)mm,Ⅲ期为(1.45±0.02)mm,Ⅳ期为(1.63±0.05)mm,Ⅴ期为(1.88±0.05)mm。青海湖裸鲤的繁殖期集中在6月至7月,属于溯河产卵类型。雌鱼性腺指数(GSI)自5月起逐渐增大,7月达到高峰,8月开始下降;绝对繁殖力为720.0~16080.0粒,平均值为(4261.4±3343.4)粒;相对繁殖力为9.1~131.4粒/g,平均值为(29.4±10.3)粒/g;绝对繁殖力(AF)与体长(L)呈对数相关,AF=149851nL-76978(R^(2)=0.7688,P<0.0001);绝对繁殖力(AF)和体质量(W)呈对数相关,AF=5078.9lnW-20610.0(R^(2)=0.8480,P<0.0001)。雌鱼体长(Y_♀)与体质量(W_♀)具有较强的相关性(R^(2)=0.9085,P<0.0001),Y_♀=0.0153W_♀~2-5.2191W_♀+516.6300;雄鱼体长(Y_(♂))与体质量(W_(♂))具有较强的相关性(R^(2)=0.8653,P<0.0001),Y_(♂)=0.0015 W_(♂)~2-0.2068W_(♂)+53.7840。青海湖裸鲤的微耳石磨片为不规则的马蹄形,其中[Background]During 2023,monitoring efforts using passive integrated transponder(PIT)tags re-vealed intriguing grouping behaviors within the spawning populations of Gymnocypris przewalskii in QinghaiLake.[Objective]This study aimed to investigate the reproductive biology characteristics of G.przewalskiipopulations following the emergence of grouping phenomena.[Methods]Between May and August 2023,asample size of 552 G.przewalskii specimens was gathered from Quanji River.Extensive reproductive biologic-al analyses were performed,including examination of gonadal tissue,determination of initial sexual maturitylengths,assessment of egg diameter distributions,calculation of gonadosomatic indices,estimation of fecundity,and establishment of age structures.[Results]The mean body length of the sampled G.przewalskii was(224.5±20.4)mm,with an average body mass of(179.5±62.1)g.Within this cohort,253 female individuals av-eraged(240.4±28.7)mm in body length,and(140.9±76.9)g in body mass,while 299 males measured(188.8±63.0)mm in body length,and weighed(159.3±55.6)g on average.Females spanned ages 4 to 11 years,with 4 years old and 5 years old predominating at 78.6%,whereas males ranged from 3 to 6 years old,with 3years old and 4 years old comprising 86.5%of the sample.Utilizing the L_(50)methodology,the onset of sexualmaturity was established at 167.5 mm for females and 154.6 mm for males.Average egg diameters across stagesⅡ-Ⅴwere(0.98±0.05)mm,(1.45±0.02)mm,(1.63±0.05)mm,and(1.88±0.05)mm,respectively.Spawningactivity peaked in June and July,classifying G.przewalskii as anadromous spawners.Female maturity coeffi-cients rose steadily from May,peaking in July before declining in August.Absolute fecundity varied between720.0 and 16080.0 grains per female,averaging(4261.4±3343.4)grains,with relative fecundity ranging from9.1 to 131.4 grain/g and averaging(29.4±10.3)grain/g.For females,absolute fecundity(AF)was logarithmic-ally related to body length(L),with the equation AF=14985lnL-76978(R^(2)=0.7688,P<0.0001);absolu

关 键 词：青海湖裸鲤 性别比 繁殖力 繁殖期 繁殖特征 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]