污水处理系统中微生物群落结构及其对环境因子响应研究进展  

Research Progress on Microflora Structure and Its Response to Environmental Factors in Wastewater Treatment Systems

作　　者：刘韵 张慧敏 裘湛 安莹 张鸣 林冰洁 周振 LIU Yun;ZHANG Huimin;QIU Zhan;AN Ying;ZHANG Ming;LIN Bingjie;ZHOU Zhen(Shanghai Chengtou Wastewater Treatment Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 201203,China;College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering,Shanghai University of Electric Power,Shanghai 200090,China)

机构地区：[1]上海城投污水处理有限公司,上海201203 [2]上海电力大学环境与化学工程学院,上海200090

出　　处：《净水技术》2025年第3期19-26,共8页Water Purification Technology

基　　金：上海市2021年度“科技创新行动计划”(21DZ1209804)。

摘　　要：【目的】文章旨在探讨不同污水处理系统中微生物群落的结构及其功能,分析环境因子(进水成分、处理工艺和运行参数)对微生物群落的影响,以期为污水处理系统的优化提供理论支持。【方法】综述了不同城镇污水处理系统中微生物群落的结构及功能,结合束缚性排序分析和曼特尔检验分析,探讨了微生物群落对进水成分、处理工艺和运行参数等环境因子的响应。重点分析了脱氮、除磷及其他功能菌属在不同环境条件下的相对丰度变化。【结果】结果表明,污水处理系统中的微生物群落在门水平上表现出相似性,其中变形菌门、拟杆菌门、放线菌门和绿弯菌门为主要的优势菌门。相比生活污水处理系统,以工业废水为进水的活性污泥中,硝化螺旋菌属等脱氮功能菌属的相对丰度有所降低。不同处理工艺的运行效能有所差异,其微生物群落结构也会受到设计结构的影响有所变化。此外,运行参数如温度、溶解氧、水力停留时间和污泥停留时间会影响特定功能微生物的生长环境,从而影响其活性和丰度。【结论】微生物群落结构与污水处理系统的运行效果密切相关,进水成分、处理工艺和运行参数等环境因子显著影响微生物群落的组成和功能。通过优化这些环境因子,可有效提高污水处理系统的运行效率。未来的研究应加强对核心微生物和稀有微生物的鉴定与识别,在多组学技术与数学模型基础上进一步揭示微生物群落、环境因子以及污水处理系统运行效能之间的关系,为优化污水处理系统运行效能和提供理论基础。[Objective]This study aims to explore the structure and functions of microflora in different wastewater treatment systems and to analyze the effects of environmental factors,including influent composition,treatment processes,and operating parameters,on these communities.The findings are intended to provide theoretical support for the optimization of wastewater treatment systems.[Methods]Microflora in various urban wastewater treatment systems are analyzed.The responses of microflora to environmental factors such as influent composition,treatment processes,and operating parameters are investigated using constrained ordination analysis and Mantel tests.The changes in the relative abundance of nitrogen-removing,phosphorus-removing,and other functional bacteria genus under different environmental conditions are also examined.[Results]The result reveals that microflora in wastewater treatment systems exhibited similarity at the phylum level,with Proteobacteria,Bacteroidota,Actinobacteriota,and Chloroflexi identified as the dominant phyla.The relative abundance of nitrogen-removing functional bacteria genus,such as Nitrospira,is found to be reduced in activated sludge treating industrial wastewater compared to domestic wastewater treatment systems.The operational efficiency of different treatment processes varied,and the microbial community structures are influenced by system design.Furthermore,operating parameters,including temperature,dissolved oxygen,hydraulic retention time,and sludge retention time,are observed to affect the growth environment,activity,and abundance of specific functional microorganisms.[Conclusion]The structure of microflora is found to be closely associated with the operational performance of wastewater treatment systems.Environmental factors such as influent composition,treatment processes,and operating parameters significantly influenced the composition and function of microflora.Optimizing these factors can effectively improve the operational efficiency of wastewater treatment systems.Future

关 键 词：污水处理 微生物群落 环境因子 功能菌属 运行效能 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]