化学沉淀法处理含铊钢铁废水研究及应用进展  

Research and Application Progress of Chemical Sedimentation for Thallium Removal in Steel Industrial Wastewater

作　　者：陈韦帆 周丽玲 陈家斌 周雪飞[1,2] 张亚雷[1,2] CHEN Weifan;ZHOU Liling;CHEN Jiabin;ZHOU Xuefei;ZHANG Yalei(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China;State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学环境科学与工程学院,上海200092 [2]同济大学污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室,上海200092

出　　处：《净水技术》2025年第3期35-43,85,共10页Water Purification Technology

基　　金：上海市科委科技创新行动计划项目(22002400100)。

摘　　要：【目的】铊及其化合物为剧毒污染物,钢铁冶炼过程中形成的含铊废水若未经有效处理直接排放将对人类健康和自然环境构成严重威胁。文章旨在探讨各类化学沉淀法处理含铊钢铁废水的研究进展,以期为含铊钢铁废水的治理提供理论依据和技术参考。【方法】文章深入分析了含铊钢铁废水的转化途径与性质,梳理了氧化沉淀法、硫化沉淀法和螯合沉淀法三大化学沉淀技术的除铊机制及研究进展,并针对其各自的研究痛点提出改进方向,重点关注了由高级氧化法衍生的类芬顿氧化沉淀技术和电化学氧化沉淀技术。分析总结了各类化学沉淀方法的优缺点、处理限度和工艺应用情况,为适用不同场景的钢铁除铊技术选用提供了参考。【结果】研究显示,硫化沉淀法操作简单且成本低,但易产生二次污染;类芬顿氧化技术和螯合沉淀技术出色的除铊能力依赖于特异性材料或药剂的研发;电化学氧化沉淀法具有深度净化和绿色环保的优势,实际应用中需克服电极钝化等问题。目前单一的技术难以经济有效地达到严格的环境标准,且多数研究局限于实验室规模。【结论】未来应重点研发经济高效的复合功能除铊药剂、探究钢铁废水水质对药剂性能的影响机制、构建具有深度净化能力的联合处理工艺,并结合实际工程应用进行优化。这些研究方向对于推动化学沉淀技术发展和含铊钢铁废水治理具有理论指导意义和应用价值。[Objective]Thallium(Tl)and its compounds are highly toxic pollutants.The Tl-containing wastewater generated from steel manufacturing will seriously threaten the health of human life and ecological environment without effective treatment.This review aims to discuss the research progress of chemical sedimentation for the treatment of Tl-containing steel industrial wastewater.[Methods]This review introduces the transformation pathway and nature of Tl-containing steel wastewater,comprehensively analyzes the Tl removal mechanism and research progress of the 3 types of chemical sedimentation method,including oxidation sedimentation,sulfuration sedimentation and chelation sedimentation,with a focus on Fenton-like oxidative sedimentation and electrochemical sedimentation derived from the advanced oxidation technology,and proposes the corresponding improvement directions.On this basis,the advantages and disadvantages,treatment limits and process applications of different chemical sedimentation technologies are summarized,informing applicable process routes for separate Tl treatment method.[Results]The study finds that the sulfuration sedimentation method is simple and low-cost,but prone to form secondary pollution.Excellent thallium removal ability of Fenton-like oxidation and chelating sedimentation depends on the development of specific materials or agents.Electrochemical sedimentation has the advantages of deep purification and green environmental protection,but exhibits the limitation of electrode passivation.Overall,the current technologies are difficult to achieve the strict environmental standard cost-effectively and most are limited to laboratory scale.[Conclusion]Future research efforts should be devoted to developing economical and efficient composite chemicals,exploring the mechanism by which the steel wastewater affects the performance of the reagents,and constructing combined process with deep purification capability,providing theoretical guidance and application value for the development of chemical sediment

关 键 词：铊污染 钢铁废水 处理技术 氧化沉淀法 硫化沉淀法 螯合沉淀法 联合工艺 除铊药剂 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]