生物滤墙-水下森林耦合工艺在农村微黑臭水体治理中的应用  

Application of Coupling Process of Biofilter Wall-Submerged Forest in Treatment of Micro Black and Odorous Water Bodies in Rural Areas

作　　者：陈建军 伍惠郡 张华俊 李保庆 谢沁颖 詹景怡 张文磊 CHEN Jianjun;WU Huijun;ZHANG Huajun;LI Baoqing;XIE Qinying;ZHAN Jingyi;ZHANG Wenlei(Guangdong Polytechnic of Environmental Protection Engineering,Foshan 528216,China;School of Tourism and Resource Environment,Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities,Duyun 558000,China)

机构地区：[1]广东环境保护工程职业学院,广东佛山528216 [2]黔南民族师范学院旅游与资源环境学院,贵州都匀558000

出　　处：《净水技术》2025年第3期86-95,共10页Water Purification Technology

基　　金：2023年佛山市科技创新项目(2320001007245);2022年广东省高校重点平台及科研项目(2022KCXTD049);2022年校长基金项目(K640422062406);2024年校长基金项目(K680524012612)。

摘　　要：【目的】近些年来乡村生活生产方式转变引起的环境问题愈发严峻,农村微黑臭水体是严重影响农村人居环境和可持续发展的民生难题。文章提出了一种基于生物滤墙与水下森林耦合技术的农村微黑臭水体治理方法,重点阐述了该耦合技术的设计原理、构建方法以及在实际工程中的应用效果。【方法】在控源截污基础上,采用生物滤墙-水下森林耦合技术对某农村微黑臭水体进行治理,文章生物滤墙沿水体靠近居民活动区域边沿铺设,具有能解决填料清洗不便的技术问题的特征,水下森林为以沉水植物为核心的“沉、浮、挺”水生植物生态系统。【结果】通过试验数据分析,结果显示,生物滤墙-水下森林耦合技术可使黑臭水塘水质明显改善,在近3个月的治理中,水体透明度(SD)提高67.27%,溶解氧(DO)提高8.5倍,化学需氧量(COD_(Cr))、氨氮、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)分别降低39.61%、58.90%、69.74%和33.33%;后又经过6个月的维护期,水体SD提高7倍,DO提高10.4倍,COD_(Cr)、氨氮、TN、TP分别下降67.05%、83.36%、84.23%和72.22%;可实现水质指标达到地表水Ⅲ类及以上。水塘底泥有机指数和污染指数经处理后分别降低93.05%和87.63%,其底泥指数由重污染向轻度污染转变。【结论】由此表明,生物滤墙-水下森林耦合工艺可实现农村微黑臭水体良好治理,为农村微黑臭水体治理提供了一种新的、有效的解决方案。应进一步加强对该技术的研究和推广,以更好地解决农村小微黑臭水体治理问题。[Objective]In recent years,the environmental problems caused by the transformation of rural living and production method have become increasingly severe.Micro,black and odorous water bodies in rural areas are a serious livelihood problem that affects the living environment and sustainable development of rural areas.This paper proposes a rural small and micro black and odorous water treatment method based on the coupling technology of biofilter walls and submerged forests,focusing on the design principles,construction method,and application effects of this coupling technology in practical engineering.[Methods]On the basis of controlling sources and intercepting pollution,a coupled process of biological filter wall and underwater forest was adopted to treat a small black and odorous water body in a rural area.The biological filter wall in this paper was laid along the edge of the water body near the residential activity area,which had the characteristic of solving the technical problem of inconvenient cleaning of fillers.The underwater forest was an aquatic plant ecosystem with submerged plants as the core,characterized by"sinking,floating,and standing"[Results]Through experimental data analysis,the result showed that the coupling process of biological filter wall and underwater forest could significantly improve the water quality of black and odorous ponds.In the past three months of treatment,the water transparency(SD)increased by 67.27%,dissolved oxygen(DO)increased by 8.5 times,and chemical oxygen demand(COD_(Cr)),ammonia nitrogen,total nitrogen(TN),and total phosphorus(TP)decreased by 39.61%,58.90%,69.74%,and 33.33%,respectively;After another 6-month maintenance period,the water's SD increased by 7 times,DO increased by 10.4 times,and COD_(Cr),ammonia nitrogen,TN,and TP decreases by 67.05%,83.36%,84.23%,and 72.22%,respectively;It could achieve water quality indices of ClassⅢor above for surface water.After treatment,the organic index and pollution index of the pond sediment decreased by 93.05%and 87.63%,resp

关 键 词：生物滤墙 水下森林系统 农村 微黑臭水体 生态修复 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]