贺兰山不同区域暴雨过程水汽输送特征  

Water Vapor Transport Characteristics During Rainstorms in Different Regions of Helan Mountains

作　　者：张晓茹 纪晓玲[1,2,3] 张亚刚 李晓攀 王海鹰 ZHANG Xiaoru;JI Xiaoling;ZHANG Yagang;LI Xiaopan;WANG Haiying(Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Monitoring and Early Warning and Risk Management of Characteristic Agriculture in Arid Regions,CMA,Yinchuan 750002;Ningxia Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation,Yinchuan 750002;Ningxia Meteorological Observatory,Yinchuan 750002;Alxa League Meteorological Observatory of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Alxa 750306)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局旱区特色农业气象灾害监测预警与风险管理重点实验室,银川750002 [2]宁夏气象防灾减灾重点实验室,银川750002 [3]宁夏气象台,银川750002 [4]内蒙古自治区阿拉善盟气象台,阿拉善盟750306

出　　处：《气象》2025年第3期285-297,共13页Meteorological Monthly

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41865008);宁夏第五批青年科技人才托举工程(NXKJTJGC2021089)共同资助。

摘　　要：基于逐小时降水观测资料和1.0°×1.0°的全球数据同化系统(GDAS)逐6 h再分析数据,利用拉格朗日气流轨迹模式(HYSPLIT),结合聚类和气块追踪分析法,对2001—2019年贺兰山东麓、西麓及东西麓暴雨过程不同高度水汽输送进行后向追踪和定量分析。结果表明,贺兰山不同区域暴雨不同高度上的水汽输送存在明显差异。东麓型暴雨中,偏南路径为3000 m及以下高度的主要输送路径,水汽贡献率为57.3%~75.2%,偏西路径的贡献越往高层越大,至5000 m高度层达100%。西麓型暴雨中,偏西路径为主要输送路径,水汽贡献率为31.8%~67.5%,其次为偏南路径,水汽贡献率为23.8%~68.2%,偏北路径仅出现在100 m和1000 m高度层,水汽贡献率为28.9%~39.4%。东西麓型暴雨各高度层均为偏西路径,水汽贡献率达100%。欧亚大陆西风带是贺兰山暴雨的主要水汽源地,在东西麓型暴雨中尤为显著,各高度层(除1000 m)上该源地的水汽贡献率均最高。青海—甘肃局地、长江中下游平原和黑海—里海—巴尔喀什湖—贝加尔湖水域分别为东西麓型、东麓型和西麓型暴雨的次要水汽源地。横断山脉仅为东麓型和西麓型暴雨个别高度层的水汽源地,贡献率最小。Backward tracking and quantitative analysis of water vapor transport at different altitudes during rainstorms on the eastern,western,and east-west feet of Helan Mountains from 2001 to 2019 are conducted by the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model(HYSPLIT),based on hourly precipitation observations and GDAS reanalysis data with a spatial resolution of 1.0°×1.0°and a temporal resolution of 6 hours.It is found that significant differences exist in water vapor transport patterns at different altitudes during rainstorms across different regions of Helan Mountains.At the eastern foot,the southerly path is identified as the primary transport route below 3000 m,with a water vapor contribution rate of 57.3%to 75.2%.The contribution of the westerly path is observed to increase with altitude,reaching 100%at the 5000 m height.At the western foot,the westerly path is found to be the dominant transport route,with a water vapor contribution rate ranging from 31.8%to 67.5%.The southerly path is the secondary,with the contribution rate ranging from 23.8%to 68.2%,while the northerly path appears only at the heights of 100 m and 1000 m,contributing 28.9%to 39.4%.In the east-west foot region,the westerly path is determined to contribute 100%of the water vapor at all altitudes.The Eurasian westerlies are identified as the predominant source of water vapor,particularly during rainstorms in the east-west foot region,where the water vapor contribution is the highest at all altitudes except at the 1000 m height.Secondary water vapor sources include the Qinghai and Gansu regions,the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River,and the waters of the Black Sea,Caspian Sea,Lake Balkhash,and Lake Baikal,which are found to supply moisture to rainstorms at the east-west,eastern,and western feet,respectively.The Hengduan Mountains are identified as contributing moisture at isolated altitudes during rainstorms at the eastern and western feet,and its contribution was minimal.

关 键 词：贺兰山 暴雨 后向轨迹 聚类分析 水汽贡献率 

分 类 号：P426[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P458