2024年中国气候特征及主要天气气候事件  

Climate Characteristics and Major Meteorological Events over China in 2024

作　　者：赵琳[1] 姜允迪[1] 钟海玲[1] 李想[1] 陈鲜艳[1] 李修仓[1] 邹旭恺[1] 王依然 曾红玲[1] 崔童[1] 尹宜舟[1] 王有民[1] 周星妍 朱晓金[1] 代潭龙 乔琦 陈逸骁 吕卓卓 章大全[1] ZHAO Lin;JIANG Yundi;ZHONG Hailing;LI Xiang;CHEN Xianyan;LI Xiucang;ZOU Xukai;WANG Yiran;ZENG Hongling;CUI Tong;YIN Yizhou;WANG Youmin;ZHOU Xingyan;ZHU Xiaojin;DAI Tanlong;QIAO Qi;CHEN Yixiao;LYU Zhuozhuo;ZHANG Daquan(National Climate Centre,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]国家气候中心,北京100081

出　　处：《气象》2025年第3期349-357,共9页Meteorological Monthly

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFC3006601)资助。

摘　　要：2024年中国暖湿气候特征明显。全国年平均气温创1951年以来历史新高,四季气温均偏高,其中春、夏、秋三季均为1961年以来历史同期最高。全国年平均降水量为1951年以来历史第四多,四季降水量均偏多;全国有70个国家气象站日降水量突破历史极值。南方地区出现1961年以来最强暴雨过程;高温过程出现早、极端性强,中东部出现1961年以来历史第二强的大范围高温过程;秋台风活跃且极端性强,台风摩羯严重影响海南、广东和广西等地;旱情总体偏轻但阶段性明显,西南地区发生冬春连旱;冷空气过程偏多,强对流天气频发,沙尘影响偏轻。China underwent a warmer and wetter climate in 2024.Temperatures kept a higher than normal level in all the four seasons,and the national mean temperature reached a record high in the same period since 1951.Especially,spring,summer and autumn were the warmest relative to that in the same period since 1961.The national average precipitation was the fourth most in the same period since 1951,and the precipitation amount in all four seasons was more than the average.There were 70 national meteorological stations in China seeing daily precipitation break the historical extreme values.In 2024,the heaviest rainstorm process since 1961 occurred in southern China.The extremely high temperature came early,with the middle and eastern regions of China plagued by the second hottest weather in the same period since 1961.The autumn typhoons were active and extreme,and Typhoon Capricorn seriously impacted Hainan,Guangdong,Guangxi and other adjacent areas.The drought condition was generally mild but its stages were obvious.The winter and spring drought occurred in Southwest China.The cold air processes were more than usual,the severe convection events occurred frequently,and the influence of sand-dust was at a low level.

关 键 词：气候特征 极端性 气象灾害 

分 类 号：P461[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]