某SUV车门密封空腔流激发声特征试验与仿真分析  

Experimental and Simulation Study on Flow-Excited Acoustic Characteristics of SUV Door Seal Cavities

作　　者：王毅刚[1,3] 彭紫宁 张斌瑜 张昊 WANG Yigang;PENG Zining;ZHANG Binyu;ZHANG Hao(School of Automotive Studies,Tongji University,Shanghai 201804,China;GAC Automotive Research&Development Center,Guangzhou 510000,China;Shanghai Key Lab of Vehicle Aerodynamics and Vehicle Thermal Management Systems,Shanghai 201804,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学汽车学院,上海201804 [2]广州汽车集团股份有限公司汽车工程研究院,广州510000 [3]上海市地面交通工具空气动力学与热环境模拟重点实验室,上海201804

出　　处：《汽车工程学报》2025年第2期253-262,共10页Chinese Journal of Automotive Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFE0208000):电动汽车空气动力学关键技术联合研发与应用。

摘　　要：针对某SUV车的B柱、C柱和尾门顶部的车门密封空腔,抽取其典型几何特征等效为3种规则的空腔模型,在小型声学风洞中开展了这些空腔发声特征和形成机理试验研究。研究发现,3种空腔呈现了强共振和弱共振两种不同的声现象,进一步对该空腔声特征开展数值仿真计算。结果表明,B、C柱的小开口空腔难以形成自激振荡激励,开口处的脉动激励激发空腔模态产生弱共振;而尾门较宽的开口,可形成自激振荡,与空腔声模态或赫姆霍兹共振模态发生强共振,产生啸叫。揭示了汽车门密封空腔与大空腔在现象和机理上不同的原因,通过Q因子云图中的涡运动特征提出自激振荡频率确定方法,在有效定义自激振荡频率的同时,清晰阐明空腔声频谱中自激振荡对峰值贡献的原因。The paper examines the door sealing cavities near the B-pillar,C-pillar and the top of the tailgate of a SUV.The geometric features of these cavities are extracted and represented using three equivalent regular cavity models.The experimental studies on the sound phenomena and formation mechanism of these cavities were carried out in a small acoustic wind tunnel.The results indicate that the three cavities exhibit two different sound phenomena,i.e.strong resonance and weak resonance.Further numerical simulations are performed to analyze the acoustic characteristics of the cavities.The results show that self-excited oscillations are difficult to form in the small opening cavities,such as those near the B-pillar and C-pillar.Instead,pulsating excitation at the opening induces weak resonance in the cavity mode.In contrast,the cavities with wider openings near the tailgate can form self-excited oscillations,which resonate with cavity acoustic modes or Helmholtz resonance modes to produce strong resonance with whistling noise.The differences in phenomena and mechanisms between automobile door sealed cavities and large cavities are revealed.A method for determining the frequency of self-excited oscillations is proposed by characterizing the vortex motion in the Q-factor cloud diagram.Additionally,the contribution of self-excited oscillations to the peak values in the cavity sound pressure spectrum is clearly explained,while effectively defining their frequency.

关 键 词：车门密封系统 空腔 自激振荡 空腔声共振 风洞试验 

分 类 号：TB533.2[理学—物理]