工业循环冷却塔中嗜肺军团菌的污染状况及其影响因素研究  

Study on the pollution and influencing factors of legionella pneumophila in industrial circulating cooling tower

作　　者：于曼 唐颖[1] 陶晨怿 宁勇[1] 徐毅[1] 张霞[1] Yu Man;Tang Ying;Tao Chenyi;Ning Yong;Xu Yi;Zhang Xia(Occupational Health Monitoring Department,Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai 200051,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市疾病预防控制中心职业健康监护科,上海200051

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2025年第2期122-128,共7页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：上海市卫生健康委员会卫生行业临床研究专项面上项目(202140481)。

摘　　要：目的了解工业循环冷却塔中嗜肺军团菌的污染状况,探究嗜肺军团菌检出阳性率和检出数量的影响因素,为职业场所嗜肺军团菌风险评估和分级管理提供数据支撑。方法分别于2023年2、5、8和10月对上海市某工业园区内9家大型企业,共20个工业循环冷却塔进行冷却水水样采集。对水样的水温、游离余氯、总余氯、浑浊度、色度、pH值、电导率、化学耗氧量、铁含量和菌落总数进行检测,同时对水样中的嗜肺军团菌进行定性和定量分析,并分别采用logistic回归、线性回归分析水质指标对嗜肺军团菌检出阳性率和检出数量的影响。结果9家企业20个工业循环冷却塔的第一至四季度嗜肺军团菌检出阳性率分别为35%(7/20)、45%(9/20)、45%(9/20)和85%(17/20)。冷却塔检出的嗜肺军团菌血清分型以嗜肺军团菌1型为主(95.2%,40/42),嗜肺军团菌数量为0.2~316.8 cfu/ml。水温(OR=1.36,95%CI:1.12~1.64,P=0.001)、电导率(OR=1.02,95%CI:1.00~1.03,P=0.026)是影响嗜肺军团菌检出的独立危险因素;化学耗氧量与嗜肺军团菌检出数量呈正向关联(β=8.08,P=0.002)。结论工业循环冷却水系统的嗜肺军团菌检出阳性率较高,检出数量波动较大,可能存在健康风险,提示有必要关注工业循环冷却水水温、电导率、化学耗氧量等水质管理和嗜肺军团菌的监测及控制。ObjectiveTo investigate the pollution status of legionella pneumophila of industrial circulating cooling towers,and explore the factors affecting the positive rate and quantity of legionella pneumophila,in order to provide data support for the risk assessment and hierarchical management of legionella pneumophila in workplaces.MethodsIn February,May,August and October 2023,the cooling water samples were collected from a total of 20 industrial circulating cooling towers of 9 enterprises in an industrial park in Shanghai.The water temperature,free residual chlorine,total residual chlorine,turbidity,chroma,pH,conductivity,chemical oxygen consumption,iron content and total plate count in the water samples were detected.Meanwhile,the legionella pneumophila in the water samples were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed,and the influence of water quality indexes on the positive rate and number of legionella pneumophila detected was analyzed by logistic regression and linear regression respectively.ResultsThe positive rates of legionella pneumophila in the first to fourth quarters of 20 industrial circulating cooling towers of 9 chemical enterprises were 35%(7/20),45%(9/20),45%(9/20),and 85%(17/20).The serotypes of legionella pneumophila detected in the cooling tower were mainly legionella pneumophila type 1(95.2%,40/42),and the number of legionella pneumophila ranged from 0.2 to 316.8 cfu/ml.Circulating cooling water temperature(OR=1.36,95%CI:1.12-1.64,P=0.001)and conductivity(OR=1.02,95%CI:1.00-1.03,P=0.026)were independent risk factors affecting the detection of legionella pneumophila.There was a positive correlation between chemical oxygen consumption and the detected amount of legionella pneumophila(β=8.08,P=0.002).ConclusionThe positive rate of legionella pneumophila in industrial circulating cooling water system is high,and the detected quantity fluctuates greatly,which may have health risks,suggesting that it is necessary to pay attention to the water quality management such as water temperature,conductivity

关 键 词：嗜肺军团菌 工业循环冷却塔 危险因素 定量分析 

分 类 号：R12[医药卫生—环境卫生学]