青海高寒地区两种豆科牧草产量及其体外发酵参数比较研究  

Comparative Study on Yield and in Vitro Fermentation Indexes of Two Leguminous Forage Grasses in Qinghai Alpine Region

作　　者：应梅 刘毅 张群英[1] 周学丽 钟荣珍[3] 王雷 杜雪燕 杨英魁 拜彬强[1] 郝力壮[1] YING Mei;LIU Yi;ZHANG Qunying;ZHOU Xueli;ZHONG Rongzhen;WANG Lei;DU Xueyan;YANG Yingkui;BAI Binqiang;HAO Lizhuang(Key Laboratory of Plateau Grazing Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Qinghai Province,Qinghai University,Qinghai Xining 810016,China;Qinghai Grassland Station,Qinghai Xining 810006,China;Trans-Regional Cooperation Science and Technology Innovation Center for Feed Processing and Precision Feeding of Grass-Fed Livestock,Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Jilin Changchun 130102,China;Qinghai Province Forage Technology Extension Station,Qinghai Xining 810000,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学,青海省高原放牧家畜动物营养与饲料科学重点实验室,青海西宁810016 [2]青海省草原总站,青海西宁810006 [3]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,吉林省饲料加工与草食家畜精准饲养跨区域合作科技创新中心,吉林长春130102 [4]青海省饲草料技术推广站,青海西宁810000

出　　处：《饲料工业》2025年第6期23-30,共8页Feed Industry

基　　金：国家重点研发子课题[2022YFD1302103、2022YFD1602301];国家自然科学基金地方联合基金[U20A2002];青海省高原放牧家畜动物营养与饲料科学重点实验室[重点实验室评估奖励项目:1-8]。

摘　　要：试验旨在研究青海高寒地区两种常见豆科牧草不同刈割期的产量及其体外发酵参数变化情况,以确定适宜的栽培品种和刈割期,为豆科牧草生产提供理论基础。选用黄花苜蓿和箭筈豌豆两种常见豆科牧草,分别于四个刈割期对其进行产量测定、化学成分分析和体外发酵评价。结果显示:①箭筈豌豆草产量在各个刈割期均显著高于黄花苜蓿(P<0.05);两种牧草干草产量均在盛花期最高;随着生长期的推移,鲜干比逐渐降低;②箭筈豌豆产气量显著高于黄花苜蓿(P<0.05);③氨态氮(NH3-N)含量随刈割期的推移逐渐下降;黄花苜蓿和箭筈豌豆在现蕾期发酵液总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)含量显著高于其他刈割期(P<0.05),在现蕾期和初花期箭筈豌豆发酵液TVFA含量显著高于黄花苜蓿(P<0.05);④两种牧草在现蕾期体外产气有机物降解率(OMD)均显著高于其他刈割期(P<0.05)。综上,两种豆科牧草从鲜草产量来看箭筈豌豆较好,对青海地区的气候更适应;仅从产量考虑,在盛花期刈割可获得的干草产量最高,从体外发酵参数的评价来看箭筈豌豆潜在饲喂品质更高。The aim of this experiment was to study the yield and in vitro fermentation index changes of two common legume herbage at different mowing period in Qinghai alpine region,and to determine the appropri-ate cultivar and mowing period,so as to provide theoretical basis for legume herbage production.The yield,chemical composition and in vitro fer-mentation of Medicago falcata and Vicia sativa were determined at four mowing periods.The results showed that:①the yield of Vicia sativa was significantly higher than that of Medicago fal-cata at each cutting stage(P<0.05);the hay yield of both kinds of herbage was the highest at the full flowering stage.The ratio of fresh to dry decreased gradually with the extension of time.②Gas production of Vicia sativa was significantly higher than that of Medicago falcata(P<0.05).③Ammonia nitrogen(NH3-N)content decreased with the passage of mowing period;the total volatile fatty acid(TVFA)content in fermentation broth of Vicia sativa and Medicago falcata 72 h at bud stage was significantly higher than that at other mowing periods(P<0.05),and the total volatile fatty acid(TVFA)content in fermentation broth of Vicia Sativa 72 h at bud stage and initial flowering stage was significantly higher than that of Medicago falcata 72 h at bud stage and initial flowering stage(P<0.05).④The organic matter(OM)in vitro were significantly higher in the bud stage than in the other mowing period(P<0.05).In this study,it was found that the yield of the two leguminous forages was better in terms of fresh grass yield,which was more adaptable to the climate in Qinghai region.In terms of yield alone,the highest yield of hay can be harvested by cutting at the peak of flowering,according to the evaluation of parameters in vitro,the potential feeding quality of Vicia sativa was higher.

关 键 词：人工牧草 刈割期 体外发酵参数 有机物降解率 饲喂品质 

分 类 号：S816.5[农业科学—饲料科学]