青海高寒地区4种冷季型禾本科牧草产量及其体外发酵参数比较研究  

Comparative Study on Yield and in Vitro Fermentation Parameters of Four Cold-Season Grasses in Qinghai Alpine Region

作　　者：谭倩倩 刘毅 张群英[1] 周学丽 钟荣珍[3] 王雷 杜雪燕 拜彬强[1] 杨英魁 郝力壮[1] TAN Qianqian;LIU Yi;ZHANG Qunying;ZHOU Xueli;ZHONG Rongzhen;WANG Lei;DU Xueyan;BAI Binqiang;YANG Yingkui;HAO Lizhuang(Key Laboratory of Plateau Grazing Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Qinghai Province,Qinghai University,Qinghai Xining 810016,China;Qinghai Grassland Station,Qinghai Xining 810006,China;Trans-Regional Cooperation Science and Technology Innovation Center for Feed Processing and Precision Feeding of Grass-Fed Livestock,Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Jilin Changchun 130102,China;Qinghai Province Forage Technology Extension Station,Qinghai Xining 810000,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学,青海省高原放牧家畜动物营养与饲料科学重点实验室,青海西宁810016 [2]青海省草原总站,青海西宁810006 [3]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,吉林省饲料加工与草食家畜精准饲养跨区域合作科技创新中心,吉林长春130102 [4]青海省饲草料技术推广站,青海西宁810000

出　　处：《饲料工业》2025年第6期31-37,共7页Feed Industry

基　　金：国家重点研发子课题[2022YFD1302103、2022YFD1602301];国家自然科学基金地方联合基金[U20A2002];青海省高原放牧家畜动物营养与饲料科学重点实验室[重点实验室评估奖励项目:1-8]。

摘　　要：试验旨在对比青海高寒地区4种冷季型禾本科牧草不同刈割期的产量及其体外发酵参数,以冰草、黑麦草、冷地早熟禾以及草地早熟禾为研究对象,分别于抽穗期、灌浆期、乳熟期、成熟期刈割,体外产气法结合不同时期牧草产量进行综合评价。结果表明,品种和刈割期显著影响了牧草产量及其体外发酵参数。抽穗期的黑麦草各个时间段累积的产气量极显著高于其他3种牧草(P<0.01),抽穗期黑麦草的乙酸(AA)浓度极显著高于其他3种牧草(P<0.01);乳熟期冰草的AA浓度极显著高于其他3种牧草(P<0.01),抽穗期和乳熟期冰草的异丁酸(IBA)和异戊酸(IVA)浓度极显著高于其他3种牧草(P<0.01)。随着刈割期的推移,4种牧草的鲜草产量均呈现先升高再降低的趋势,鲜干比均不断下降,4种牧草72 h发酵液总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)浓度均随着刈割期的推移而下降,冷地早熟禾抽穗期的AA、丙酸(PA)、IBA、丁酸(BA)、IVA、戊酸(VA)浓度均极显著高于其他3个时期(P<0.01),4种牧草干物质(DM)和有机物质(OM)体外降解率也均随着刈割期的推移而下降。综上所述,黑麦草的综合性能最好;本研究的4种牧草在成熟期刈割干草产量最高,在抽穗期刈割品质最好。The purpose of this study was to compare the yields and in vitro fermentation parameters of four cold-season grasses in Qinghai alpine region at different mowing stages,and to compare the yields of forage at different stages by taking ice grass,rye⁃grass,cold-ground grass,and grassland grass as the research objects,respectively,at the heading stage,grain filling stage,milk maturity stage,and maturity stage,and by combining the in vitro gas production method with the forage yield at differ⁃ent stages.The results showed that the variety and mowing period significantly affected the forage yield and its in vitro fermentation parameter.The accumulated gas production of ryegrass at heading stage was significantly higher than that of the other three forage grasses(P<0.01),the acetic acid(AA)concentra⁃tion of ryegrass at heading stage was significantly higher than that of the other three forage grasses(P<0.01),the AA concentration of icegrass at milk-ripening stage was significantly higher than that of the other three forage grasses(P<0.01),and the concentrations of isobutyric acid(IBA)and isovaleric acid(IVA)in icegrass at heading and milk-ripening stage were significantly higher than those of the other three forage grasses(P<0.01).With the passage of mowing stage,the yield of fresh grass of the four forage grasses increased first and then decreased,the fresh-to-dry ratio continued to decrease,the content of total volatile fatty acids(TVFA)in the 72 h fermentation broth of the four forage grasses decreased with the passage of mowing stage,the con⁃centrations of AA,propionic acid(PA),IBA,butyric acid(BA),IVA and valeric acid(VA)at the heading stage of the cold-ground Poa were significantly higher than those in the other three stages(P<0.01),and the degradation rates of dry matter(DM)and organic matter(OM)in vitro of the four forage grasses decreased with the passage of the mowing stage.In summary,ryegrass has the best comprehensive performance;the four forage species in this study had the highest yield of mowing

关 键 词：冷季型禾本科牧草 刈割期 体外产气 产草量 品质 

分 类 号：S816.5[农业科学—饲料科学]