喷雾水对建筑火场排烟效果的影响因素研究  

Investigating the influencing factors of water spray on fire ventilation effects in building fires

作　　者：梁强 冉浩男 郝嘉航 吕杰龙 LIANG Qiang;RAN Haonan;HAO Jiahang;L Jielong(School of Rescue Command,China People's Police University,Langfang 065000,Hebei,China;School of Fire Protection Engineering,China People's Police University,Langfang 065000,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民警察大学救援指挥学院,河北廊坊065000 [2]中国人民警察大学防火工程学院,河北廊坊065000

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2025年第3期852-860,共9页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：河北省省级科技计划项目(22375418D);河北省研究生创新项目(CXZZSS2024150)。

摘　　要：喷雾水排烟是火场排烟的手段之一,喷雾水参数的设置对烟气的夹带影响显著。为探究喷雾水参数对建筑火场排烟效果的影响,基于火灾动力学模拟器(Fire Dynamics Simulator,FDS),以某医院建筑为例,建立喷雾水排烟的火灾动力学模型,应用正交试验得到了喷枪流量、喷雾角度、喷雾速度、液滴粒径及喷枪位置5个参数对排烟效果的影响,通过极差分析和方差分析得到了最优的参数组合,并将最优参数与无喷枪的情况进行了对比。结果表明:喷雾水参数对于其排烟效率而言尤为重要;喷枪位置对于喷雾水排烟起决定性作用;随着液滴粒径的降低及喷雾角度的增大,排烟效果逐渐显著;5个因素对喷雾水排烟的影响从大到小依次为喷枪位置、喷雾角度、液滴粒径、喷雾速度和喷枪流量。研究结果可为火灾扑救过程中喷雾水排烟的科学应用提供一定参考。The use of water spray for smoke evacuation is an effective fire ventilation strategy applicable to various scenarios.The configuration of water spray parameters plays a significant role in influencing the entrainment of fire gases.To assess the impact of water spray parameters on smoke extraction effectiveness in building fire scenarios,a fire dynamics model for water spray smoke extraction was developed using the Fire Dynamics Simulator(FDS),with a hospital building as the case study.An orthogonal test method was employed to evaluate the effects of five parameters on fire ventilation effectiveness:the flow rate of the spray nozzle,the spray angle,the spray rate,droplet size,and the position of the spray nozzle.Optimal parameter combinations were identified using polar analysis and analysis of variance(ANOVA),and these parameters were then compared to a control condition that did not include the nozzle.The study's results indicate that water spray parameters play a crucial role in enhancing fire ventilation efficiency.After the installation of the spray nozzle,the volume fraction of carbon monoxide(CO)in the room decreased significantly,leading to a marked improvement in visibility.The positioning of the nozzle is essential for effective water spraying in fire ventilation.The fire ventilation effectiveness is notably improved when the nozzle is placed inside the window rather than outside.Optimized water spray can significantly alter the smoke flow path compared to scenarios without a nozzle.With a decrease in droplet size and an increase in spray angle,the effectiveness of smoke evacuation becomes more pronounced.The relative influence of the five factors on spray water exhaust is ranked as follows:nozzle position,water spray angle,droplet size,spray speed,and flow rate of the nozzle.These findings offer valuable insights for the scientific application of water spray smoke extraction in firefighting processes.

关 键 词：安全工程 正交试验 喷雾水 火场排烟 火灾 数值模拟 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学]