燃烧面积对地下封闭空间变压器火灾风险影响的研究  

Study on the impact of burning area on transformer fire risk in underground enclosed spaces

作　　者：肖群安 刘畅[1] 叶宽 王雅妮 郭咏翰 赵金龙[3] XIAO Qun'an;LIU Chang;YE Kuan;WANG Yani;GUO Yonghan;ZHAO Jinlong(State Grid Beijing Electric Power Company,Beijing 100031,China;State Grid Beijing Electric Power Research Institute,Beijing 100045,China;College of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]国网北京市电力公司,北京100031 [2]国网北京市电力公司电力科学研究院,北京100045 [3]中国矿业大学(北京)应急管理与安全工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2025年第3期861-868,共8页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国网北京市电力公司科技项目(520223240006)。

摘　　要：为了研究燃烧面积对地下封闭空间变压器火灾风险的影响,结合北京市某地下变电站真实场景,采用FDS数值模拟方法,建立了全尺寸地下变压器室模型,对比了不同燃烧面积下地下变压器室内烟气、温度、气体体积分数等数据,并开展了相应的风险分析。结果表明,地下封闭空间变压器火灾可分为初始阶段、下降至火源位置阶段、全遮挡火焰阶段和充满空间阶段。烟气层的下降速度与燃烧面积存在正相关关系。当燃烧面积达到2 m^(2)时,烟气层的下降速度加快。当烟气层下降至2 m高度以后,下降速度明显减缓,这是由燃烧转为通风控制造成的。随着燃烧面积的增大,空间内的最高温度可达900℃。且燃烧面积越大,顶棚与油枕附近的高温区域面积越大,油枕受到高温威胁的风险越高。按照温度阈值划分,油枕附近的温度超过阈值的时间随燃烧面积增大而不断缩短。利用1.6 m处的CO体积分数和辐射热流数据,分别给出了人员风险和装置风险。当燃烧面积大于2 m^(2)时,1.6 m处的CO体积分数会在2 min内达到危险阈值。当燃烧面积达到12 m^(2)时,事故升级概率最大(1.24×10^(-3)),1.6 m处的CO体积分数在1 min内达到危险阈值,救援人员需加强个人防护。To assess the impact of burning area on fire hazards associated with transformers in enclosed underground environments,a full-scale model of an underground transformer room was meticulously constructed using the Fire Dynamics Simulator(FDS)numerical simulation technique.This model is based on the real-world context of an underground substation in Beijing.Comparative analyses were conducted on data regarding smoke,temperature,and gas volume fractions within the underground transformer room across different burning areas,leading to comprehensive risk assessments.The findings indicate that transformer fires in enclosed underground spaces typically progress through four distinct stages:the initial phase,descent towards the fire source,full flame obscuration,and spatial filling.Notably,the descent velocity of the smoke layer demonstrates a positive correlation with the burning area.Specifically,when the burning area increases to 2 m^(2),the descent velocity of the smoke layer significantly accelerates.However,once the smoke layer descends below a height of 2 m,its descent velocity markedly decreases due to a shift in combustion control mechanisms from fuel control to ventilation control.As the burning area expands,the maximum temperature within the space can rise to 900℃.Additionally,a larger burning area increases the extent of the high-temperature zone near both the ceiling and the oil conservator,thereby heightening the risk of the oil conservator being exposed to elevated temperatures.The study also indicates that,as the burning area increases,the time for temperatures near the oil conservator to exceed critical thresholds decreases.Risk assessments for personnel and equipment were conducted using CO volume fractions and radiant heat flux data measured at a height of 1.6 m.The findings highlight that when the burning area exceeds 2 m^(2),the CO volume fraction at a height of 1.6 m reaches dangerous levels within just 2 min.Furthermore,when the burning area expands to 12 m^(2),the probability of an accident escal

关 键 词：安全工程 地下封闭空间 变压器火灾 燃烧面积 数值模拟 风险 

分 类 号：X928.7[环境科学与工程—安全科学]