自动喷水灭火系统抑制电动汽车火灾有效性模拟  

Simulation of the effectiveness of automatic sprinkler systems for suppressing electric vehicle fires

作　　者：崔辉 王春平 谯柳 贾娜 CUI Hui;WANG Chunping;QIAO Liu;JIA Na(College of Resources Environment and Safety Engineering,Hunan University of Science and Technology,Xiangtan 411201,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南科技大学资源环境与安全工程学院,湖南湘潭411201

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2025年第3期869-874,共6页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：湖南教育厅资助科研项目(21A0294,20A176,21A0306)。

摘　　要：首先,对电动汽车火灾原因、特点、热释放速率(Heat Release Rate,HRR)三个方面展开了分析,为开展电动汽车火灾数值模拟研究提供了理论基础。其次,通过数值模拟可得:无喷淋时,电动汽车火灾HRR在250 s后达到峰值7 MW,与参考试验的6.8 MW接近;有喷淋时,电动汽车火灾HRR峰值为3.5 MW,且喷水强度为8 L/(min·m^(2))、12 L/(min·m^(2))、16 L/(min·m^(2))的三种喷淋工况扑灭电动汽车火灾的时间分别为300 s、250 s、200 s。研究可为电动汽车库消防设计提供参考。This article examines the causes,characteristics,and heat release rates of electric vehicle fires.It concludes that the primary cause of these incidents is thermal runaway of the power battery.Following thermal runaway,electric vehicle fires progress through four stages:smoke generation,initial combustion,intense combustion,and combustion decay.The heat release rate is predominantly influenced by the characteristics of the power battery.This article presents numerical simulations of electric vehicle fires informed by experimental research conducted by Peter Sturm et al.The simulations model a fire triggered by the thermal runaway of a single lithium battery,which subsequentlyⅠeads to the thermal runaway of the entire power battery pack.Based on relevant research,the peak heat release rate for a single lithium battery is established at 37 kW.The simulation grid is determined to be 0.05 m×0.05 m×0.05 m through calculations.In the simulation,the combustible components of electric vehicles primarily include the electrolyte and flammable materials such as seats and tires.Building on the previous research,this study further investigates electric vehicle fires under sprinkler conditions.The simulation results indicate that,in the absence of a sprinkler system,the peak heat release rate of an electric vehicle fire reaches 7.0 MW,which closely aligns with the 6.8 MW observed in experiments conducted by Peter Sturm et al.When a sprinkler system is activated,the peak heat release rate is measured at 3.5 MW with a spraying intensity of 8 L/(min·m^(2)),which corresponds to the standard for medium hazard levelⅡ.At a spraying intensity of 12 L/(min·m^(2)),corresponding to serious hazard levelⅠ,the peak heat release rate drops to 2.8 MW.Additionally,at an intensity of 16 L/(min·m^(2)),aligned with serious hazard levelⅡ,the peak heat release rate is recorded at 3.4 MW.Furthermore,electric vehicle fires were extinguished after 300 s,250 s,and 200 s of fire development under three different sprinkler conditions.These f

关 键 词：安全工程 电动汽车火灾 数值模拟 热释放速率 喷水强度 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学]