低气压下动力锂离子电池热失控预警方法试验研究  

Experimental study on early warning methods for thermal runaway in power lithium-ion batteries under low pressure

作　　者：贺元骅 李子桐 梁家鑫 黄江 HE Yuanhua;LI Zitong;LIANG Jiaxin;HUANG Jiang(College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering,Civil Aviation Flight University of China,Guanghan 618300,Sichuan,China;Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering,Guanghan 618300,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]中国民用航空飞行学院民航安全工程学院,四川广汉618300 [2]民机火灾科学与安全工程四川省重点实验室,四川广汉618300

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2025年第3期875-887,共13页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(U2333210);2024年度中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目(24CAFUC10161);2023年度国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202310624001)。

摘　　要：为了破解低气压下动力锂离子电池热失控预警指标不精准与预警等级不科学的问题,搭建了预警试验平台,试验装置选取UL9540A支持的82 L定容燃烧弹。结果表明,相同荷电状态(State of Charge,SOC)条件下,高SOC电池在低气压环境下的开阀时刻早于常气压。根据锂离子电池灾变过程的紧急程度,提出综合温度(θ_(C))超过自产热隔膜融化、电池正极分解和开阀放气温度以及电压(U)第一次骤降10%作为热失控预警的判定条件。通过皮尔逊相关系数法,筛选出池体安全阀口温度(θ_(2))、池体正极侧中心温度(θ_(4))、电压(U)和气压(p)四个预警指标构建多元动态预警方法,可科学预测单体三元动力锂离子电池热失控从自产热到热失控的危险过程,为低气压下动力锂离子电池安全应用提供理论和技术支撑。This study tackles the challenges of inaccurate thermal runaway warning indicators and the absence of a scientific method for determining warning levels for power lithium-ion batteries under low-pressure conditions.An experimental platform was developed for early warning purposes,utilizing a fixed-capacity incendiary bomb of 82 L,in accordance with UL9540A standards,to simulate the pressure conditions encountered during aircraft takeoff,cruising,and landing.A dataset was generated by capturing the early thermal runaway characteristics of power lithium-ion batteries,specifically focusing on three dimensions:surface temperature,open-circuit voltage,and ambient pressure.The findings show that the lithium-ion battery valve opens earlier under low pressure as the State of Charge(SOC)increases.Furthermore,for batteries with the same SOC,the valve opens sooner in high SOC batteries under low pressure compared to those under atmospheric pressure.Based on the urgency of the thermal runaway process,the study proposes specific criteria for warning determination.These include the combined temperature(θ_(C))exceeding the melting temperature of the diaphragm due to self-generated heat,the decomposition temperature of the anode,the open-valve venting temperature,and an initial 10%drop in voltage(U).Using the Pearson correlation coefficient method,four early warning indicators-safety valve temperature(θ_(2)),anode side center temperature(θ_(4)),voltage(U),and pressure(p)-were identified to develop a multivariate dynamic early warning methodology.This research introduces,for the first time,pressure increase thresholds and growth rates as the basis for early warning classification.By integrating surface temperature,voltage,and pressure data,this multivariate dynamic early warning approach aims to scientifically predict the hazardous progression from self-generated heat to thermal runaway in single ternary power lithium-ion batteries.This approach provides both theoretical and technological support for the safe use of lithium-io

关 键 词：安全工程 动力锂离子电池 低气压 荷电状态 热失控 相关性分析 预警方法 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学]