新型超声速雾化荷电喷嘴特性试验  

Characteristic testing of a new supersonic atomized charged nozzle

作　　者：张天 穆新升[1,2] 葛少成 陶爽 陈星宇 沈祉伏 ZHANG Tian;MU Xinsheng;GE Shaocheng;TAO Shuang;CHEN Xingyu;SHEN Zhifu(College of Safety Science and Technology,Liaoning Technical University,Fuxin 123000,Liaoning,China;Key Laboratory of Mine Thermodynamic Disasters and Control of Ministry of Education,Fuxin 123000,Liaoning,China;College of Safety and Emergency Management Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁工程技术大学安全科学与工程学院,辽宁阜新123000 [2]矿山热动力灾害与防治教育部重点实验室,辽宁阜新123000 [3]太原理工大学安全与应急管理工程学院,太原030024

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2025年第3期988-994,共7页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52204216);中国博士后启动基金项目(2022M711456);国家卫生健康委粉尘危害工程防护重点试验室开放基金项目(KLECDH20230101)。

摘　　要：为解决因水雾荷电喷嘴雾化效果的限制,而无法对煤炭开采中的呼吸性粉尘进行有效控制的问题,研发了新型超声速雾化荷电喷嘴。采用试验的方法研究了不同工况下装置的雾化、荷电、降尘及分散度特性。结果表明:荷电过程增强了15μm以下雾滴的表面张力,使荷电电压较气动压力对雾滴粒径减小的贡献低;当雾滴比表面积相近时,荷质比随荷电电压呈线性增长,最大可达766.8μC/kg,比表面积增加显著提高荷电效果;某一特定电场对雾滴群或单个雾滴的荷电效果存在与其总比表面积相关的极限。荷电电压的增加使降尘效率增大,但对于5μm以下的粉尘与带电雾滴结合后受同种电性排斥作用影响,在封闭空间内不易沉降,对应不同的最佳捕集电压。气动压力的增大使降尘效率升高,与未荷电时相比,新型荷电喷嘴的降尘效率提高3~5百分点,可达95%;在不同气动压力下荷电时对PM_(0~2.5)的降尘效果显著,并在0.3 MPa时达到最佳,下降19百分点。该技术对PM 0~5的高效降除使降尘效率在原有较高水平的基础上提高了4百分点,其中对PM>2.5~5的降除效果在0.4 MPa时达到最佳,下降比例超过8百分点。新型荷电喷嘴的降尘效率在雾滴浓度与单位质量雾滴荷质比的共同作用下随水流量的增大呈先增大后减小的趋势,与荷电电压和气动压力相比,水流量变化对PM 0~5的降除效果影响显著,并在12 L/h时达到最优。该研究丰富了水雾荷电技术,为煤矿井下呼吸性粉尘防治提供了技术支持。To address the challenge of effectively controlling respirable dust in coal mining,which is hindered by the limitations of existing water mist charged nozzles,a new supersonic atomized charged nozzle has been developed.This study investigates the atomization,charging,dust reduction,and dispersion characteristics of the device under various working conditions using experimental methods.The results indicate that the charging process increases the surface tension of droplets smaller than 15μm,making the contribution of charge voltage to droplet size reduction lower than that of aerodynamic pressure.When the specific surface area of the droplets is comparable,the charge-to-mass ratio increases linearly with charge voltage,reaching a maximum value of 766.8μC/kg.Additionally,an increase in specific surface area significantly enhances the charging effect.The influence of a specific electric field on a group of droplets or an individual droplet is limited by its total specific surface area.While an increase in charge voltage enhances dust reduction efficiency,dust particles smaller than 5μm and charged droplets tend to remain suspended in enclosed spaces due to mutual electrical repulsion.This results in varying optimal capture voltages for different particle sizes.The increase in pneumatic pressure enhances dust reduction efficiency,with the new charged nozzle achieving an improvement of 3 to 5 percentage points compared to its uncharged state,reaching an efficiency of up to 95%.The dust reduction effect on PM_(0-2.5)is particularly significant when charged under various pneumatic pressures,peaking at 0.3 MPa,where it shows a decrease of 20 percentage points.This technology has effectively enhanced the reduction of PM 0-5,increasing dust reduction efficiency by 4 percentage points from an already high baseline.The reduction effect for PM>2.5-5 is optimal at 0.4 MPa,achieving a reduction ratio of over 8 percentage points.The dust reduction efficiency of the new charged nozzle initially increases and then decreases wit

关 键 词：安全卫生工程技术 感应式 超声速 荷质比 呼吸性粉尘 高速微细带电雾滴 

分 类 号：X936[环境科学与工程—安全科学]