电梯辅助高层建筑人员疏散最佳停靠策略研究  

Study on the optimal stopping strategy for elevator-assisted evacuation in high-rise buildings

作　　者：马剑[1] 宋丹丹 陈娟[2] 李若愚 何姗姗 王巧 MA Jian;SONG Dandan;CHEN Juan;LI Ruoyu;HE Shanshan;WANG Qiao(School of Transportation and Logistics,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China;Faculty of Geosciences and Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学交通运输与物流学院,成都610031 [2]西南交通大学地球科学与工程学院,成都610031

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2025年第3期1057-1066,共10页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72104205,71871189);四川省科技创新项目(2024YFHZ0345);重庆市建设科技计划项目(城科字2022第5-8号)。

摘　　要：突发事件下高层建筑人员疏散效率低下,严重影响人员安全性。使用电梯辅助疏散可提高疏散效率。构建高层建筑电梯辅助疏散模型,开展楼层总数、每层人数和电梯参数变化场景下的模拟计算,分析确定电梯最佳停靠层,揭示相关因素对电梯停靠策略的影响机理。结果表明:任一乘梯概率均存在一个使得协同疏散时间最短的电梯最佳停靠层,最佳的电梯疏散人数占比应在12%~14%;楼层总数为15层和25层时,楼层人数增加至100人/层后最佳停靠层发生变化,楼层总数为20层和30层时,最佳停靠层发生变化的临界人数为70人/层;楼层数量≥6层时,采用电梯最佳停靠层能提高人员疏散效率,增大电梯速度和提高载客量可降低最佳停靠层的位置。研究可以为高层建筑疏散组织和应急预案设计提供参考。During emergencies like fires or terrorist attacks,the long evacuation distances in high-rise buildings pose significant challenges,severely jeopardizing life safety.Utilizing elevators in conjunction with stairs during the initial evacuation phase can rapidly transport people to a safe area,significantly enhancing evacuation efficiency.This article utilizes Anylogic software to create an elevator-assisted evacuation model for high-rise buildings,considering the proportion of floor occupants using the elevator,ranging from 20%to 100%.The objective is to determine the optimal elevator stopping strategy and identify the ideal stopping floor for efficient evacuation.In four different floor scenarios,increase the number of occupants by the same amount under a 100%occupancy condition,and analyze the relationship between the number of occupants,the optimal elevator stopping floor,and evacuation time.The elevator speed and capacity parameters were varied within a range corresponding to buildings with 4 to 30 floors to analyze their impact on the optimal stopping floor and evacuation time.The results indicate that an optimal elevator stopping floor exists for each occupancy ratio,minimizing the cooperative evacuation time.Additionally,the optimal elevator evacuation occupancy ratio for achieving the shortest possible cooperative evacuation time falls within the range of 12%to 14%.When the total number of floors is 15 or 25,increasing the occupancy to 100 persons per floor shifts the optimal stopping floor position upward by one floor.For buildings with 20 or 30 floors,the critical occupancy level that causes this upward shift in the optimal stopping floor position is 70 persons per floor.Increasing the elevator speed and passenger capacity reduces the location of the optimal stopping floor and further shortens the coordinated evacuation time.When the total number of building floors is six or more,elevator-assisted stair evacuation significantly improves evacuation efficiency.The findings of this study offer valuable insi

关 键 词：安全工程 高层建筑 人员疏散 电梯 疏散策略 

分 类 号：X913.4[环境科学与工程—安全科学]