商洛冬小麦复种大豆高产栽培技术  

High yield cultivation techniques for winter wheat multiple cropping soybean in Shangluo

作　　者：敬樊 李勇刚 南璐 周珊 唐艳 杨竹 JING Fan;LI Yonggang;NAN Lu;ZHOU Shan;TANG Yan;YANG Zhu(Shangluo Agricultural Science Research Institute,Shangluo 726000,China;Shangluo Rural Development Service Center,Shangluo 726000,China)

机构地区：[1]商洛市农业科学研究所,陕西商洛726000 [2]商洛市乡村发展服务中心,陕西商洛726000

出　　处：《安徽农学通报》2025年第6期1-4,共4页Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：陕西省现代农业豆类产业技术体系(SNTX-36);商洛市科技计划项目(2022-Z-0042)。

摘　　要：麦后复种大豆可充分利用小麦收获后剩余的光热水资源,实现一年两熟复播种植。本文结合陕西商洛小麦及大豆种植实践,总结分析了冬小麦轻简高效栽培技术和复种大豆高产栽培技术,同时结合麦后复种大豆需重点关注的环节,提出了对应的产量提升策略。冬小麦轻简高效栽培技术包括选择优质高产、抗病性强且早熟的小麦品种;播种前旋耕耙平,适量施用基肥;合理确定播期播量;查苗补苗,适时开展“一喷三防”;及时收获,清理残留杂物。复种大豆高产栽培技术包括选择抗逆性强、高产稳产的中早熟品种;播前耕翻灭茬,适量施用基肥;及时抢墒播种,合理密植;中耕和化学除草相结合,趁墒追肥,合理化控;抓住病虫防控关键窗口期,综合防控;脱粒晾晒,入库贮藏。研究区麦后复种大豆需重点关注的环节包括小麦收获时期、种植效益、整地质量和机械化水平等,对此提出了合理轮作,做好茬口衔接;推广高产栽培技术,提升种植效益;精细整地,提升土壤肥力以及引进新机械,扩大复种面积等策略。本文为商洛及相关地区麦后复种大豆获得高产提供参考。Multiple planting of soybeans after wheat harvest can fully utilize the remaining light,hot,and water resources after wheat harvest,achieve two crop intercropping in one year.The planting practice was combined of wheat and soybean in Shangluo,Shaanxi Province,the light,simple,and efficient cultivation techniques for winter wheat and high yield cultivation techniques for multiple cropping of soybeans were summarized and analyzed,at the same time,corresponding yield improvement strategies were proposed by focusing on the key aspects of intercropping soybeans after wheat.The cultivation techniques for light,simple,and efficient winter wheat include selecting high quality,high yielding,disease resistant,and early maturing wheat varieties;before sowing,rotary tiller and rake flat,and apply appropriate amount of base fertilizer;reasonably determine the broadcasting schedule and quantity;check and supplement seedlings,and timely carry out“one spray and three prevention”measures;timely harvest and clean up residual debris.The high yield cultivation techniques for multiple cropping of soybean varieties include selecting early maturing varieties with strong stress resistance and high and stable yield;plow and weed before sowing,and apply appropriate amount of base fertilizer;timely sowing of moisture and reasonable planting density;combining tillage weeding with chemical weeding,applying fertilizer while the soil is moist,and implementing rational control measures;seize the critical window period for disease and pest control and implement comprehensive prevention and control measures;remove from drying and store in the warehouse.The key points to focus on in the research area for wheat multiple cropping soybean include wheat harvest period,planting efficiency,soil preparation quality,and mechanization level.Therefore,reasonable crop rotation and good crop rotation connection were proposed;promote high yield cultivation techniques,and improve planting efficiency;strategies include fine soil preparation,improving soil fe

关 键 词：小麦 大豆 复种 栽培技术 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S565.1