生物炭对夏玉米花后穗位叶光合生理特性及产量的影响  

Effects of biochar on photosynthetic physiological characteristics and yield of post-ear leaves of summer corn flower

作　　者：刘心辉 LIU Xinhui(People’s Government of Xinqiao Town,Yongcheng 476621,China)

机构地区：[1]新桥镇人民政府,河南永城476621

出　　处：《安徽农学通报》2025年第6期21-24,共4页Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin

摘　　要：以夏玉米商单1967为试验材料,设置不施生物炭(CK)、生物炭10 t/hm^(2)(T_(1))、生物炭20 t/hm^(2)(T_(2))和生物炭40 t/hm^(2)(T_(3))共4个处理,分析生物炭对夏玉米花后穗位叶叶绿素含量(SPAD值)、净光合速率等光合特性,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性等生理特性及产量的影响。结果表明,T_(2)、T_(3)处理能够提高玉米花后穗位叶的SPAD值、净光合速率、蒸腾速率,降低胞间CO_(2)浓度,与CK差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。生物炭处理均能提高玉米花后穗位叶SOD、POD活性,并随着生物炭施用量的增加而增加,即T_(3)>T_(2)>T_(1)>CK;均能降低穗位叶丙二醛(MDA)含量,并随着生物炭施用量的增加而降低,即CK>T_(1)>T_(2)>T_(3)。生物炭处理提高了夏玉米产量,T_(1)、T_(2)和T_(3)分别较CK增产5.80%、9.98%和16.88%。综上,施用生物炭能够改善玉米花后穗位叶光合性能,提高穗位叶抗氧化酶活性,延缓穗位叶衰老,从而提高玉米产量,且以施用量40 t/hm^(2)的增产效果最佳。Summer corn Shangdan1967 was used as test material,4 treatments were set up:no biochar(CK),biochar 10 t/hm^(2)(T_(1)),biochar 20 t/hm^(2)(T_(2))and biochar 40 t/hm^(2)(T_(3)).The effects of biochar on photosynthetic characteristics such as chlorophyll content(SPAD value),net photosynthetic rate;superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD)activity and other physiological characteristics,and yield were analyzed.The results showed that T_(2)and T_(3)treatments could increase SPAD value,net photosynthetic rate,and transpiration rate,and reduce intercellular CO_(2)concentration,with statistically significant difference compared with CK(P<0.05).Biochar treatment could increase SOD and POD activities,and increased with the increase of biochar application amount,that was T_(3)>T_(2)>T_(1)>CK.The content of malondialdehyde(MDA)in ear leaves was decreased with the increase of biochar application,that was,CK>T_(1)>T_(2)>T_(3).Biochar treatment increased the yield of summer corn,and the yield of T_(1),T_(2),and T_(3)increased by 5.80%,9.98%,and 16.88%compared with CK.In conclusion,the application of biochar can improve the photosynthetic performance of maize post-ear leaves,increase the antioxidant enzyme activity of ear leaves,delay the senescence of ear leaves,and thus increase corn yield,and the application rate of 40 t/hm^(2)has the best yield increase effect.

关 键 词：生物炭 夏玉米 光合特性 生理特性 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]