尿素硝酸铵溶液对小麦生长、产量及土壤养分的影响  

Effect of urea ammonium nitrate solution on growth,yield and soil nutrients of wheat

作　　者：焦润兴 黄鑫 高飞 周吉双 赵湛 卜东升 邵延慧 JIAO Runxing;HUANG Xin;GAO Fei;ZHOU Jishuang;ZHAO Zhan;BU Dongsheng;SHAO Yanhui(Agricultural Science Research Institute,First Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Alar 843300,China;Xinjiang Yuxiang Huyang Chemical Co.,Ltd.,Aksu 842200,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆生产建设兵团第一师农业科学研究所,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]新疆玉象胡杨化工有限公司,新疆阿克苏842200

出　　处：《安徽农学通报》2025年第6期25-28,共4页Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区现代农业小麦产业技术体系第一师农科所综合试验站(XJARS-01-33);新疆生产建设兵团第一师农业科学研究所横向项目“新型高效肥料研发试用——液体肥水肥一体化及智能施肥应用技术”;新疆生产建设兵团第一师阿拉尔市科技计划项目“南疆冬小麦密植匀播适宜行距研究”(2024NY06)。

摘　　要：为探究液体氮肥对小麦生长特性、产量及其土壤养分的综合效应,本试验以尿素硝酸铵溶液(UAN)等量替代尿素,以常规施用尿素(CK)为对照,测定其小麦总茎数等农艺性状,穗数等产量构成因素,碱解氮等土壤养分以及氮肥偏生产力等。结果表明,对不同时期小麦施用UAN后,其总茎数、叶面积指数和旗叶SPAD值较CK分别增加了31.9%、9.9%和2.4%~3.5%;穗数、穗粒数、千粒重和产量较CK分别提升了19.8%、0.9%、1.0%和22.2%;施用UAN能够提升小麦的氮肥偏生产力,较CK提升99.2%;施用UAN后的土壤速效养分含量总体高于CK;小麦产值和收益较CK分别增加22.2%和89.1%。综上,施用UAN可促进小麦的生长发育、提升其产量,同时具有改良土壤理化性质的作用,在减少氮肥用量的同时提高了氮肥偏生产力,具有较好的经济效益和生态效益。To explore the comprehensive effects of liquid nitrogen fertilizer on wheat growth characteristics,yield,and its soil nutrients,urea ammonium nitrate solution(UAN)was used to replace urea in equal amounts,and compared with the conventional application of urea(CK),wheat agronomic traits such as total stem number,yield components such as panicle number,soil nutrients such as alkali-hydrochloric nitrogen,nitrogen partial productivity,etc were measured.The results showed that the total stem number,leaf area index and flag leaf SPAD of UAN increased by 31.9%,9.9%,and 2.4%~3.5%compared with CK,respectively.Compared with CK,panicle number,grain number per spike,thousand grain weight,and yield were increased by 19.8%,0.9%,1.0%,and 22.2%,respectively.UAN could increase the nitrogen partial productivity of wheat by 99.2%compared with CK.The content of soil available nutrients after application of UAN was generally higher than CK.Compared with CK,wheat output value and yield increased by 22.2%and 89.1%,respectively.In conclusion,the application of UAN can promote the growth and development of wheat,increase the yield,improve the physical and chemical properties of soil,reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and increase the nitrogen partial productivity,with better economic and ecological benefits.

关 键 词：尿素硝酸铵溶液 小麦 生长 产量 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]