大叶种茶病虫害无害化治理技术  

Harmless control technology of diseases and pests of large-leaf tea

作　　者：孙志强 SUN Zhiqiang(Huangshan District Tangkou Town People’s Government Service Center,Huangshan 245800,China)

机构地区：[1]黄山市黄山区汤口镇人民政府为民服务中心,安徽黄山245800

出　　处：《安徽农学通报》2025年第6期42-46,共5页Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin

摘　　要：基于茶叶病虫害防治工作实践,本文分析了大叶种茶的常见病虫害以及化学农药防治方法的局限性,总结了该类茶的病虫害无害化治理技术。随着气候变化和种植密度的增加,大叶种茶面临一定的病虫害问题,如茶尺蠖和茶蚜虫等。长期不当施用化学农药可能带来病虫抗药性增强等问题,对生态环境和种植户的经济效益产生不利影响。茶叶病虫害无害化治理技术主要包括生物防治、物理防治和农业防治,生物防治通过应用天敌昆虫和施用苏云金芽孢杆菌、白僵菌等微生物制剂,可有效控制害虫的生长和繁殖;物理防治通过在茶园中安装诱虫灯,放置黄板并根据茶园的具体情况调整其位置和数量,在茶园周围设置防虫网、反光带等物理屏障,合理调控茶园的温度和湿度,可有效抑制病原菌的繁殖和害虫活动;农业防治通过在茶树间种植豆科或菊科植物等,施用有机肥,覆草或种植绿肥作物,生态堆肥和种植多种植物等。推动无害化治理技术在茶园中的应用,可一定程度上提升茶叶产量与品质。本文为大叶种茶的可持续生产提供参考。Based on the work practice of tea pests and diseases control,common dieases and pests of large-leaf tea and the limitations of chemical pesticide control methods were analyzed,the harmless control technology of large-leaf tea diseases and pests was summarized.With the change of climate and the increase of planting density,large-leaf tea is facing more and more serious diseases and pests,such as Ectropis oblique and Toxoptera aurantii.Long-term improper application of chemical pesticides may lead to the enhancement of drug resistance of diseases and pests,and have a negative impact on the ecological environment and the economic benefits of farmers.The harmless control technology of tea dieases and pests mainly includes biological control,physical control and agricultural control.Biological control can effectively control the growth and reproduction of pests by applying natural enemy insects and applying microorganism preparations such as Bacillus thuringiensis and Beauveria bassiana.By installing insect traps in tea gardens,placing yellow panels and adjusting their positions and quantities according to the specific conditions of tea gardens,setting physical barriers such as insect prevention nets and reflective belts around tea gardens,and reasonably regulating the temperature and humidity of tea gardens,the proliferation of pathogens and pest activities can be effectively inhibited.Agricultural control is through planting Fabaceae or Asteraceae among tea trees,applying organic fertilizers,covering grass or planting green manure crops,ecological composting and planting a variety of plants.Promoting the application of harmless control technology in tea gardens can partly improve the yield and quality of tea.This study provides a reference for the sustainable production of large-leaf tea.

关 键 词：大叶种茶 无害化 生物防治 物理防治 农业防治 

分 类 号：S435.71[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]