基于M-K和小波分析法的汾阳市风向风速特征分析  

Analysis of wind direction and speed characteristics in Fenyang City based on M-K method and wavelet analysis

作　　者：李旋 LI Xuan(Meteorological Bureau of Fenyang City,Fenyang 032200,China)

机构地区：[1]山西省汾阳市气象局,山西汾阳032200

出　　处：《安徽农学通报》2025年第6期106-109,共4页Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin

摘　　要：以山西汾阳市1974—2023年的气象数据为材料,利用小波分析和M-K突变检验方法,分析了该地区近50年的风向风速变化特征。结果表明,1974—2023年,研究区出现频率最高的风向是西北风(NW),频率为9.8%,其次是西北偏西风(WNW),频率为8.6%,NW为年主导风向;年平均风速最高的风向为WNW,风速为3.4 m/s;月平均风速最高的是4月(2.7 m/s),最低的是8月和9月(1.3 m/s);春、秋和冬季以NW和WNW为主,夏季以东北偏东风(ENE)为主。年风速变化趋向率为-0.06(m/s)/10 a,NW年平均风速的变化趋向率为-0.30(m/s)/10 a,均呈下降趋势,NW年平均风速与气温呈明显的负相关性。风速的周期特征表明,年平均风速的变化周期为25 a,NW年平均风速的周期性不明显。对风速的突变检验发现,年平均风速在1974—2023年未发生突变,NW年平均风速突变点为1984年。研究结果为相关地区空气污染治理和城市规划提供参考。Based on the meteorological data from 1974 to 2023 in Fenyang City,Shanxi Province,the variation characteristics of wind direction and speed in recent 50 years were analyzed by means of wavelet analysis and M-K mutation test.The results showed that from 1974 to 2023,the wind direction with the highest frequency was northwest wind(NW),with a frequency of 9.8%,followed by west-northwest wind(WNW),with a frequency of 8.6%,the dominant wind direction was NW.The wind direction with the highest wind speed was WNW with a wind speed of 3.4 m/s.The highest monthly wind speed was in April(2.7 m/s),and the lowest was in August and September(1.3 m/s).NW and WNW dominate in spring,fall and winter,and east-northeast wind(ENE)dominate in summer.The trend rate of annual wind speed was-0.06(m/s)/10 a,and the trend rate of NW average wind speed-0.30(m/s)/10 a,both of which showed a decreasing trend.The NW annual average wind speed showed a significant negative correlation with temperature.The periodic characteristics of wind speed show that the annual mean wind speed has a change period of 25 a,and the periodicity of NW annual average wind speed was not obviou.The abrupt change of wind speed showed that there is no abrupt change in annual mean wind speed between 1974 and 2023,and the abrupt change point of NW mean wind speed was 1984.The results can provide references for air pollution control and urban planning in relevant areas.

关 键 词：风向 风速 突变检验 小波分析 

分 类 号：P425[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]